ABSTRACT
La presencia de manantiales de aguas mineromedicinales en Ecuador se encuentra en relación con el gran número de volcanes que existen en el país, los cuales se han venido utilizando desde épocas remotas como medicamentos por la población. Sin embargo, se desconoce cuál es la biodiversidad bacteriana presente. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la biodiversidad bacteriana de las aguas mineromedicinales del balneario "Urauco" ubicado en la Provincia de Pichincha. Ecuador. Se tomaron muestras de agua de un volumen de 1 litro en dos punto del balneario. Los muestreos se realizaron en 2 ocasiones durante un periodo de dos año. Para la toma y transporte de las muestras se siguieron las normas ecuatorianas INEN 2 176-98 y INEN 2 169-98. Para la determinación de la biodiversidad bacteriana se utilizó las técnicas de siembra, selección e identificación de bacterias indicados por Barrow y Feltan (2004) y MacFfadin (2004), complementadas con las pruebas bioquímicas contenidas en las galerías API (BioMérieux) y galería Microgen (Microgen corp.). Los resultados señalan un población de bacterias heterótrofas en las aguas del balneario de 3,1 x 102 UFC/mL, con la prevalencia de las bacterias Gram negativa de la clase Gamma Proteobacterias. Se pudo aislar e identificar 64 colonias de bacterias. Los géneros de bacterias encontrados fueron Acidovorax, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Budvicia, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Ed- wardsiella, Enterococcus, Ewingella, Flavobacterium, Kurthia, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Ralstonia, Staphylococcus, Vibrio y Yokonella. La biodiversidad bacteriana observada fue alta, aunque escasa en número de individuos
The presence of mineromedicinal water springs in Ecuador is related to the large number of volcanoes that exist in the country, which have been used since ancient times as medicines by the population. However, it is unknown what bacterial biodiversity is present. Therefore, the objective of these work was to determine the bacterial biodi- versity of the mineromedicinal waters of Urauco spa located in Pichincha Provinces of Ecuador. Water samples of a volume of 1 liter were taken at two points in each spa studied. Sampling was done 2 times over a period of two year. To take and transport the samples, the Ecuadorian standards INEN 2 176-98 and INEN 2 169-98 were followed. For the determination of bacterial biodiversity, the techniques of planting, selection and identification of bacteria indicated by Barrow and Feltan (2004) and MacFfadin (2004) were used, complemented with the bio- chemical tests contained in the API (BioMérieux) galleries and Microgen (Microgen corp.). The results indicate a population of heterotrophic bacteria in the spa waters of 3.1 x 102 CFU / mL, with the prevalence of Gram negative bacteria of the Gamma Proteobacteria class. It was possible to isolate and identify 64 colonies of bacteria. The genera of bacteria were Acidovorax, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Budvicia, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Edwardsiella, Enterococcus, Ewingella, Flavobacterium, Kurthia, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Ralstonia, Staphylococcus, Vibrio and Yokonella. The bacterial biodiversity observed was high, although low in number
Subject(s)
Humans , Water Microbiology , Mineral Waters/microbiology , Heterotrophic Bacteria/analysis , Heterotrophic Bacteria/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , EcuadorABSTRACT
The New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is an obligate parasite that affects warm-blooded animals. It causes myiasis in livestock and humans, which is a problem for animal production and public health. The health and economic burden of myiasis on livestock production is largely unknown in Ecuador. We investigated the presence of the screwworm and analysed the epidemiology and spatial and temporal trends of myiasis in cattle farms of San Miguel de Los Bancos county. In total, epidemiological questionnaires were conducted in 110 farms, which were subsequently monitored for 12 months. The findings show that the initial and final prevalences in farms were 70% and 61.81%, respectively, and the average monthly prevalence was 15.08%. The initial and final prevalences in animals were 3.87% and 4.60% for bovines and 2.91% and 3.36% for all animals examined. The average percentage of new cases reported per month was 17.68% with a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 28 cases in October and May 2015, respectively. The cumulative incidence estimated that the risk for non-infested farms to become infested could reach 100% in approximately 6 months. The incidence rate is 168 per 1,000 farms at risk-monthly. The annual incidence was 459 per 10,000 for bovines at risk-annually. An analysis of hotspots based on the Getis-Ord Gi* index revealed no temporally stable hot spot, but one temporally stable cold spot, suggesting that most of the study area is generally favourable to infestation, except one cluster of farms.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Diptera/physiology , Screw Worm Infection/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Ecuador/epidemiology , Screw Worm Infection/epidemiology , Screw Worm Infection/parasitology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Las aguas termales son ecosistemas con microorganismos adaptados a las condiciones de estos ambientes. Se ha postulado que la microbiota de cada balneario es característica. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la microbiota del agua del Balneario "Piscinas El Cachaco", Provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Se tomaron muestras de agua en tres zonas del balneario por un periodo de dos años, En cada sitio se realizaron pruebas fisicoquímicas utilizando un equipo multiparámetro. La toma y transporte de las muestras para el estudio microbiológico se realizó según la norma ecuatoriana NTE-INEN. Se realizaron los análisis microbiológicos según la metodología AOAC (2000). Para el agua de la naciente del balneario, los valores promedios de bacterias heterótrofas fueron de 8,60 X 10 UFC/mL, bacterias coliformes totales 5,70 X 10 UFC/mL y mohos y levaduras 9,00 UFC/mL. Para el agua del tanque que alimenta la piscina termal los valores promedios fueron para bacterias heterótrofas de 5,20 X 10 UFC/mL, bacterias coliformes totales 3,00 UFC/mL y no se detectaron células de mohos y levaduras En el agua de la Piscina termal, los valores promedios fueron: bacterias heterótrofas 1,60 X 102 UFC/mL, coliformes 5,00 UFC/mL y mohos y levaduras 5,00 UFC/mL. El 50,94 % de las bacterias aisladas fueron Gram negativas, prevaleciendo el género Aeromonas, y un 49,06% fueron Gram positiva, prevaleciendo el género Staphylococcus. Se logro aislar 3 especies de mohos Aspergillus spp. Rhizopus spp y Penicillium spp. Los resultados muestran una microbiota bacteriana escasa y poco diversa en las áreas del Balneario
The thermal waters are ecosystems with microorganisms adapted to these environments. It has been postulated that microbiota of each spa is characteristic. The objective was to determine the microbiota of the water "Piscinas El Cachaco" Spa, Province of Pichincha, Ecuador. Water samples were taken in three areas of the spa for two years. At each site, physicochemical tests were performed using a multiparameter equipment. The taking and transport of the samples for the microbiological study was carried out according Ecuadorian standard NTE-INEN. The microbiological analyzes were carried out by the methodology AOAC (2000). From the source of water, the average values of heterotrophic bacteria were 8,60 X 10 CFU / mL, total coliform 5,70 X 10 CFU / mL and molds and yeasts 9,00 CFU / mL. For the water in the tank, the average values were for heterotrophic bacteria of 5,20 X 10 CFU / mL, total coliform bacteria 3,00 CFU / mL and no molds and yeasts cells were detected. In the thermal pool water, the average values obtained were: heterotrophic bacteria 1,60 X 102 CFU / mL, total coliforms 5,00 CFU / mL and molds and yeasts 5,00 CFU/ mL. 50,94 % of the isolated bacteria were Gram negative, the genus Aeromonas prevailing, while 49,06 % were Gram positive, prevailing the genus Staphylococcus. It was possible to isolate 3 species of mold Aspergillus spp. Rhizopus spp and Penicillium spp. The results show a sparse and little diverse bacterial microbiota in the spa
