Evaluating the effect of CFH-12® and Phoslock® on phosphorus dynamics during anoxia and resuspension in shallow eutrophic lakes.

Laboratory experiments with intact sediment cores from a hypertrophic very windy exposed shallow lake were conducted to assess the combined effect of anoxia and sediment resuspension on phosphorus (P) dynamics after adding different P adsorbents (CFH-12® and Phoslock®). In this study we hypothesize that the addition of geoengineering materials will increase P retention in the sediment even at the worst physic-chemical conditions such as anoxia and sediment resuspension. Both adsorbents significantly reduced the P release from the sediments after a 54 days-anoxic incubation period (CFH-12® by 85% and Phoslock® by 98%) and even after resuspension events (CFH-12® by 84% and Phoslock® by 88%), indicating that both adsorbents are suitable P inactivating agents for restoring shallow eutrophicated lakes under such circumstances. CFH-12® did not release dissolved Fe to the water column neither after the anoxic period nor after resuspension events compared to Control (no adsorbents addition). The La concentration was significantly higher in Phoslock® (3.5-5.7 µg L-1) than in Control at all sampling days but it was not affected by resuspension. The high efficiency in P removal under anoxia and resuspension, the low risk of toxicity and the high maximum adsorption capacity makes CFH-12® a promising adsorbent for lake restoration. Nevertheless, further research about the influence of other factors (i.e. pH, alkalinity, interfering substances or strict anoxia) on the performance of CFH-12® is needed.

Masa ventricular izquierda en pacientes con infección VIH / Left ventricular mass in HIV-infected patients

Antecedentes. La infección VIH se ha asociado con una mayor incidencia de eventos vasculares. La masa ventricular izquierda (MVI) se asocia de forma independiente a mayor mortalidad global. Diversas series han demostrado que los pacientes con infección VIH tienen mayor MVI que la población no infectada. Nos proponemos describir la distribución de la MVI en una amplia serie de pacientes con infección VIH, y los factores asociados a su incremento. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio transversal efectuado en los pacientes con infección VIH seguidos en nuestro centro entre el 01.12. 2009 y el 28.02.2011. Se realizó ecocardiografía transtorácica (ETT) a todos aquéllos que consintieron. Se recogieron las variables demográficas, el estatus viro-inmunológico, los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, el riesgo vascular a 10 años (RV10) y el historial de exposición a fármacos antirretrovirales. Se consideró variable dependiente cuantitativa la MVI. Se realizó análisis univariante y aquellas variables con p<0,05 fueron incluidas en el análisis multivariante. Resultados. Se efectuó ETT a 400 pacientes; en 388 se calculó la MVI. La edad media fue de 45 años, 75,5% varones. La MVI media fue de 39,54 g/m2.7(IC 95%:38,35-40,73). Se asociaron a una mayor MVI: la edad, la altura, el índice de masa corporal, el RV10, la hipertensión, la dislipemia, diversas medicaciones de la esfera cardiovascular y el haber utilizado nevirapina en la historia del paciente. En el análisis multivariante permanecieron en el modelo el uso de nevirapina en la historia del paciente y el RV10. Conclusiones. El RV10 puede estar asociado a una mayor MVI, la relación con nevirapina puede responder a un sesgo de indicación(AU)

Background. The HIV infection has been associated with an increased incidence of vascular events. Left ventricular mass (LVM) is independently associated with greater overall mortality. Various studies have shown that patients with HIV infection have higher LVM than the uninfected population. We aim to describe the distribution of LVM in an extensive series of patients with HIV infection, and the factors associated with its increase. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in HIV-infected patients followed in our center from 1 December 2009 to 28 February 2011. A transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed in all patients who gave their consent. Demographic variables, viroimmunological status, cardiovascular risk factors, vascular risk at 10 years (VR10) and history of exposure to antiretroviral drugs were collected. LVM was considered to be the quantitative dependent variable. A univariate analysis was performed, including in the multivariate analysis those variables with P<,05. Results. A TTE was performed in 400 patients, and the LVM was calculated in 388. Mean age was 45 years, 75.5 males. Mean LVM was 39.54g/m2.7(95% CI: 38.35-40.73). Age, height, body mass index, VR10, hypertension, dyslipidemia, different medications within the cardiovascular area and having taken nevirapine have been used in the history of the patient were associated to greater LVM. In the multivariate analysis, use of nevirapine in the history of the patient and VR10 remained in the model. Conclusions. VR10 may be associated with greater LVM. The relationship with nevirapine may respond to an indication bias(AU)

Hemorragia digestiva alta en varón homosexual con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / No disponible

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New mitochondrial carriers: an overview.

The transport of metabolites, nucleotides and cofactors across the mitochondrial inner membrane is performed by members of mitochondrial carrier family (MCF). These proteins share marked structural features that have made feasible the functional characterization of numerous MCs in the last years. The MCs responsible for transport activities in mitochondria known for decades such as glutamate uptake or ATP-Mg/Pi exchange have recently been identified as well as novel carriers such as those involved in S-adenosylmethionine or thiamine pyrophosphate uptake. Here, after a brief review of the novel data on structural characteristics and import mechanisms of MCF members, we present an exhaustive compilation of human MC sequences, including previously characterized carriers, together with their respective Saccharomyces cerevisiae orthologues, ordered according to the phylogenetic analysis of el Moualij and co-workers [Yeast (1997) 13: 573-581]. We have detected the existence of at least 49 human MC sequences, including those of yet unknown function. An overview of novel MCF members functionally characterized in recent years in mammals and in yeast genomes is presented.

Púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica asociada al VIH / Trombotic, thrombocitopenic purpura associated with HIV

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