Observed kinetics for the production of diethyl carbonate from CO2 and ethanol catalyzed by CuNi nanoparticles supported on activated carbon.

Monometallic and bimetallic Cu:Ni catalysts with different Cu:Ni molar ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) were synthesized by wetness impregnation on activated carbon and characterized by TPR (temperature programmed reduction), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The synthesized catalysts were evaluated in the gas phase production of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and carbon dioxide. The largest catalytic activity was obtained over the bimetallic catalyst with a Cu:Ni molar ratio of 3:1. Its improved activity was attributed to the formation of a Cu-Ni alloy on the surface of the catalyst, evidenced by XPS and in agreement with a previous assignment based on Vegard law and TPR analysis. During the reaction rate experiments, it observed the presence of a maximum of the reaction rate as a function of temperature, a tendency also reported for other carbon dioxide-alcohol reactions. It showed that the reaction rate-temperature data can be adjusted with a reversible rate equation. The initial rate as a function of reactant partial pressure data was satisfactorily adjusted using the forward power law rate equation and it was found that the reaction rate is first order in CO2 and second order in ethanol.

Microaeration promotes volatile siloxanes conversion to methane and simpler monomeric products.

The ubiquitous use of volatile siloxanes in a myriad of product formulations has led to a widespread distribution of these persistent contaminants in both natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment plants. Microbial degradation under microaerobic conditions is a promising approach to mitigate D4 and D5 siloxanes while recovering energy in wastewater treatment plants. This study examined D4/D5 siloxanes biodegradation under both anaerobic and microaerobic conditions ( [Formula: see text]  = 0, 1, 3 %) using wastewater sludge. Results show that the use of microaeration in an otherwise strictly anaerobic environment significantly enhances siloxane conversion to methane. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified potential degraders, including Clostridium lituseburense, Clostridium bifermentans and Synergistales species. Furthermore, chemical analysis suggested a stepwise siloxane conversion preceding methanogenesis under microaerobic conditions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of microaerobic siloxane biodegradation, laying groundwork for scalable removal technologies in wastewater treatment plants, ultimately highlighting the importance of using bio-based approaches in tackling persistent pollutants.

Kinetic Study of Liquid-Phase Glycerol Hydrodeoxygenation into 1,2-Propanediol over CuPd/TiO2-Na.

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) kinetics of glycerol into 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) in the liquid phase is studied on Cu-Pd/TiO2 catalysts. At a stirring speed higher than 480 rpm and an average diameter of the catalyst particles smaller than 89.5 µm, no mass transfer resistance artifacts are observed. The increasing temperature and H2 concentration promote the glycerol conversion and the selectivity to 1,2-PDO and disfavor the selectivity to acetol. Based on the experimental data, empirical kinetic pseudo-homogeneous expressions are proposed for glycerol disappearance, 1,2-PDO formation, and acetol formation in the catalytic system. Dependence of the disappearance rate of glycerol is closer to 1 with respect to glycerol and nonmeaningful with respect to H2. The formation rate of 1,2-PDO is not highly dependent on the initial concentration of glycerol or H2, and the formation rate of acetol is directly dependent on glycerol and inversely dependent on H2, since it accelerates acetol conversion to 1,2-PDO. The activation energies for glycerol disappearance (77.8 kJ/mol), 1,2-PDO formation (51.2 kJ/mol), and acetol formation (84.6 kJ/mol) evidenced the selective formation of 1,2-PDO in this catalytic system.

Factores psicosociales y laborales asociados al agotamiento laboral en profesionales sanitarios de un hospital de alta complejidad de Bogotá, Colombia / Psychosocial and working conditions associated with burnout among health professionals of a highly complex hospital in Bogotá, Colombia

Objetivo Evaluar la asociación de los factores psicosociales y laborales frente a la presencia de agotamiento laboral en fisioterapeutas y terapeutas respiratorios de un hospital de alta complejidad de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal analítico. Se encuestaron a 31 fisioterapeutas y terapeutas respiratorios de un hospital de alta complejidad. La recolección de información se realizó a través de un cuestionario digital, incluyó variables psicosociales, demográficas y laborales. La prevalencia de burnout se evaluó mediante el Maslach Burnout Inventory para profesionales de la salud. Se realizaron análisis univariados y bivariados mediante SPSS versión 25.0. Resultados Se encontró que el 93,5% (n = 29) correspondió al sexo femenino, la media de edad fue de 36±8,7 años, con un tipo de vinculación laboral a término fijo del 96,8% (n = 30). El 38,7% (n = 12) de profesionales atiende más de 15 pacientes por turno. Frente a la presencia de burnout, el 38,7% (n = 12) presentan agotamiento laboral, ya sea por cansancio emocional, despersonalización o baja realización personal. Finalmente, un 64,5% (n = 20) y un 74,2% (n = 23) considera que su salud mental o física se ha deteriorado por las condiciones laborales dada la actual pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, respectivamente. Conclusiones Un porcentaje considerable de profesionales presenta agotamiento laboral. Se resaltan algunas condiciones psicosociales y laborales (insuficiente personal, jornada agotadora, falta colaboración, pérdida de información) asociadas a la presencia de burnout. Existe deterioro de la salud física y mental de los profesionales por la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 (AU)

Objective To evaluate the association of psychosocial and work factors in the presence of job exhaustion in physiotherapists and respiratory therapists of a highly complex hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and method An analytical cross-sectional study. 31 physiotherapists and respiratory therapists from a high complexity hospital were surveyed. The data collection was carried out through a virtual questionnaire, it included psychosocial, demographic and labor variables; the prevalence of burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory for health professionals. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results It was found that 93.5% (n = 29) corresponded to female, the mean age was 36±8.7 years old, with a type of fixed-term employment relationship of 96.8% (n = 30). Number of patients seen per shift of more than 15 patients in 38.7% (n = 12) of the cases. The 38.7% (n = 12) of the professionals presented job exhaustion, either due to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, or low personal fulfillment. Finally, 64.5% (n = 20) and 74.2% (n = 23) considered that their mental or physical health has deteriorated due to working conditions given the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Conclusion A considerable percentage of professionals presented job exhaustion. Some psychosocial and working conditions are highlighted (insufficient staff, exhausting workday, lack of collaboration, loss of information) associated with the presence of burnout. There is deterioration in the physical and mental health of professionals due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (AU)

[Promoting responsible consumption and production of scientific information in orthopedics]. / Fomentando la responsabilidad en el consumo y producción de información científica en ortopedia.

No Abstract available.

Microaerobic conditions in anaerobic sludge promote changes in bacterial composition favouring biodegradation of polymeric siloxanes.

Volatile organic silicon compounds (VOSiC) are harmful pollutants to the biota and ecological dynamics as well as biogas-based energy conversion systems. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the source of VOSiCs in biogas, especially arising from the biochemical conversion of siloxane polymers such as polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS). The biodegradation of PDMS was evaluated under anaerobic/microaerobic conditions (PO2 = 0, 1, 3, 5%), using wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge as an inoculum and PDMS as a co-substrate (0, 50, 100, 500 ppm). On average, strictly anaerobic treatments produced significantly less methane than the 3 and 5% microaerated ones, which show the highest PMDS biodegradation at 50 ppm. Thauera sp. and Rhodococcus sp. related phylotypes were identified as the most abundant bacterial groups in microaerated treatments, and siloxane-related molecules were identified as remnants of PDMS catabolism. Our study demonstrates that microaeration promotes changes to the native bacterial community which favour the biological degradation of PDMS. This confirms that the presence of VOSiC (e.g., D4-D6) in biogas is not only due to its direct input in wastewaters, but also to the PDMS microbial catabolism. Microaerobic conditions enhance both PDMS and (subsequent) VOSiC degradation in the liquid phase, increasing the concentrations of D4 and D5 in biogas, and the production of less toxic siloxane-based derivatives in the liquid phase. This study suggests that microaeration of the anaerobic sludge can significantly decrease the concentration of PDMSs in the WWTP effluent. However, for WWTPs to become effective barriers for the emission of these ecotoxic contaminants to the environment, such a strategy needs to be coupled with an efficient biodegradation of VOSiCs from the biogas.

Nature and Distribution of Cu and Pd Species in CuPd/TiO2-Na Bimetallic Catalysts for Glycerol Hydrodeoxygenation.

We demonstrated recently that CuPd/TiO2-Na bimetallic catalysts synthesized by sequential wet impregnation are active, selective, and stable for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of glycerol into propylene glycol at low H2 pressure. The present study reports on the nature and distribution of Cu and Pd surface species in CuPd/TiO2-Na bimetallic catalysts using different scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques that supply cluster-specific alloying details. In particular, we used atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. We also include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. Our analysis shows that the metallic nanoparticles adopt mainly five different structures according to how the Cu and Pd atoms coordinate among themselves: a homogeneous CuPd alloy structure (45-61%), a Cu shell/CuPd core (15-23%), a smaller number of particles formed by Cu on the surface and Pd in the nucleus (10-17%), and there are also nanoparticles formed only by Pd (4-7%) or by Cu (8-13%). We determined that there is a inhomogeneous distribution of Cu and Pd in the bimetallic nanoparticles, with Cu being predominant on the surface (between 76 and 90% of the total area analyzed for each particle). Most bimetallic nanoparticles have sizes below 6 nm, the Pd monometallic nanoparticles are in the 2-4 nm range, whereas the monometallic Cu nanoparticles are larger than 8 nm. Bimetallic nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 6-7 nm are fundamentally made up of Cu0-Pd0 and Cu1+-Pd0. The nanoparticles with sizes greater than 7 nm consist of Cu2+ and Cu2+-Pd2+. Our obtained results also help describe reports about the activation of HDO by Pd-Cu in the absence of H2, an effect apparently not observed with other bimetallic systems.

Jackhammer esophagus: Prevalence and demographic, clinical, and manometric characteristics. / «Jackhammer esophagus¼ (esófago en martillo hidráulico): prevalencia, características demográficas, clínicas y manométricas.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Jackhammer esophagus is a recently identified motility disorder. Experience with the novel pathologic condition has been reported in different studies but there is little information on the subject in Latin America. Our case series conducted in Bogota, Colombia, describes the prevalence of jackhammer esophagus and its demographic, clinical, and manometric characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study included consecutive patients diagnosed with jackhammer esophagus that were referred for high-resolution esophageal manometry. Their clinical and manometric records were reviewed, and the pertinent information for the present study was collected. RESULTS: Within the study period, 6,445 patients were evaluated with esophageal manometry, 27 of whom were diagnosed with jackhammer esophagus (prevalence of 0.42%). The majority of those patients were women (n=17, 63%) in the sixth decade of life. The most common symptom was regurgitation (n=17, 63%), followed by dysphagia (n=15, 56%). The mean distal contractile integral was 9,384 (5,095-18,546) mmHg·s·cm. Dysphagia was more common in patients >60 years of age (79%, p <.01) and regurgitation was more frequent in patients <60 years of age (92%, p <.03). CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to characterize the prevalence of jackhammer esophagus and its demographic, clinical, and manometric characteristics in Latin American patients. The prevalence of jackhammer esophagus in our study population was considerably lower than that reported in international case series. Our findings suggest that there are important geographic differences in the epidemiology and clinical presentation of jackhammer esophagus, compared with data from other international centers.

Double-balloon enteroscopy: Experience with an innovative endoscopic technique at the Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. / Enteroscopia de doble balón: experiencia de una técnica endoscópica innovadora en el Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Double-balloon enteroscopy is a recently introduced endoscopic method that enables complete visualization of the small bowel, as well as biopsy sampling and therapeutic interventions in that part of the intestine. The aim of the present study was to describe the experience acquired at our hospital to determine the characteristics of the patients that underwent the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients above 18 years of age admitted to the Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá for double-balloon enteroscopy, within the time frame of January 2013 to December 2017. RESULTS: The study sample included 93 procedures in 73 patients. Mean patient age was 57.91 years, with a similar number of men and women. There were no severe complications. The most frequent indication for the enteroscopy was gastrointestinal bleeding (overt or occult), presenting in 49.46% of the patients, followed by chronic diarrhea (16.13%). Video capsule endoscopy was the previous study most frequently performed (53.76%). Anterograde double-balloon enteroscopy was carried out in 49 patients and 44 patients underwent the retrograde procedure. A total of 86.02% of the enteroscopies were diagnostic procedures and 13.98% were therapeutic. Normal enteroscopy was the most frequent finding (59.68%), followed by the presence of ulcers (15.05%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results were similar to those reported worldwide, with respect to indications, insertion route, and insertion depth, and there were no severe complications.

Rotation of treatments between spinosad and amitraz for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations with amitraz resistance.

A farmlet study was conducted over 4 years in which three treatments were applied to six groups of Holstein dairy calves. Calves in each group were infested with equal numbers of N-strain (susceptible) and Ultimo strain (amitraz and synthetic pyrethroid resistant) tick larvae to establish self-sustaining populations with an initial, measurable level of resistance to amitraz. Standard counts of all ticks between 4.5 and 8.0mm diameter on one side of each animal were made each week and treatment was applied when tick numbers exceeded a threshold of 25 engorged adults per side. The three treatments were: 1, spinosad spray whenever tick numbers exceeded the threshold; 2, amitraz spray whenever tick numbers exceeded the threshold; 3, spinosad whenever tick numbers exceeded the threshold for the first 2 months, then amitraz for 2 months, with alternation every subsequent 2 months. Engorged adult female ticks were collected from each treatment group on 10 or 11 occasions during the study and tested using the larval packet test bioassay (LPT) for acaricide resistance. Spinosad 250ppm provided effective control of amitraz-resistant tick populations in the field, using a similar number of treatments as in the amitraz and rotation groups. The initial infestations of all of the groups resulted in the establishment of populations with in vitro evidence of resistance to amitraz using the LPT. Treatment with spinosad or with a rotation between spinosad and amitraz every 2 months resulted in reduced levels of resistance to amitraz according to the LPT. The animals treated with amitraz alone showed increasing resistance to amitraz according to the LPT each summer and autumn with a return to full or almost full susceptibility to amitraz in early spring in all years. This pattern suggests a relative lack of fitness of amitraz-resistant ticks that might be exploited by using an acaricide rotation strategy.

Neuropsicología de los asesinos en serie / Neuropsychology of serial killers

No disponible

[The effect of age in a planning and arranging task ('Mexican pyramid') among schoolchildren]. / Efecto de la edad en una tarea de planificación y organización ('pirámide de México') en escolares.

AIM: To analyze the influence of age on the performance of a planning and organization task, two skills included in the executive functions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Performance of the task 'Mexican pyramid' from the Evaluacion Neuropsicologica Infantil (ENI) were analyzed on 239 school age children from México and Colombia, distributed in six age groups. Five measures were analyzed: number of correct designs, number of movements per design and execution time in the correct designs, number of correct designs built with the minimum of movements and its execution time. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of age on the five measures. Comparison between groups showed that younger children (5 to 6 years old) had a smaller number of correct designs, while children from 5 to 8 years old need more movements. Execution time showed a greater number of differences between groups. Analyzing the 11 items of the task, it was evident that difficulty level is related with the number of movements and the novelty of rules. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that accuracy of performance, the number of moves as well as the speed of performance are useful markers of the development of the executive functions. Our results support the notion that the development of planning and organization; is fast in the first years of the school age, and it slows down on adolescence.

Efecto de la edad en una tarea de planificación y organización (‘pirámide de México’) en escolares / The effect of age in a planning and arranging task (‘Mexican Pyramid’) among school children

Objetivo. Conocer los cambios relacionados con la edad en una tarea de planificación y organización, como componentes de las funciones ejecutivas. Sujetos y métodos. Se analizó la ejecución en la ‘pirámide de México’ de la evaluación neuropsi-cológica infantil en 239 escolares de México y Colombia de 5 a 16 años de edad, distribuidos en seis grupos. Se utilizaron cinco medidas: número de aciertos, número de movimientos y tiempo de ejecución en los diseños correctos, número de aciertos y tiempo de ejecución en los diseños correctos realizados con el mínimo de movimientos. Resultados. Se observó un efecto de la edad sobre las cinco medidas. En comparación con los otros grupos, los niños de 5 a 6 años tienen una menorcantidad de diseños correctos; los de 5 a 8 años requieren mayor número de movimientos. El tiempo de ejecución mostró un mayor número de diferencias intragrupales. El análisis por ensayo reveló que el grado de dificultad se relaciona con la cantidadde movimientos y lo novedoso de las reglas. Conclusiones. Además del número de aciertos y de movimientos invertidos para lograr cada acierto, el tiempo de ejecución es un indicador útil del desarrollo de estas funciones, dado que la rapidez enla ejecución es la que marca diferencias mayores entre los niños. Nuestros resultados apoyan la existencia de un desarrollo acelerado de las funciones de planificación y organización durante los primeros años de la etapa escolar, que sigue un cursomás lento en la adolescencia

Aim. To analyze the influence of age on the performance of a planning and organization task, two skills includedin the executive functions. Subjects and methods. Performance of the task ‘Mexican pyramid’ from the Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI) were analyzed on 239 school age children from México and Colombia, distributed in six age groups.Five measures were analyzed: number of correct designs, number of movements per design and execution time in the correct designs, number of correct designs built with the minimum of movements and its execution time. Results. There was a significant effect of age on the five measures. Comparison between groups showed that younger children (5 to 6 years old) hada smaller number of correct designs, while children from 5 to 8 years old need more movements. Execution time showed a greater number of differences between groups. Analyzing the 11 items of the task, it was evident that difficulty level is related with the number of movements and the novelty of rules. Conclusions. Our results suggest that accuracy of performance, the number of moves as well as the speed of performance are useful markers of the development of the executive functions. Our results support the notion that the development of planning and organization; is fast in the first years of the school age, and it slows down on adolescence

Orígenes del lenguaje: un análisis desde la perspectiva de las afasias / The origins of language: an analysis from the aphasia perspective

Introducción. Diferentes áreas del conocimiento han contribuido a una mejor comprensión de los orígenes del lenguaje humano. Objetivo. Relacionar el conocimiento actual sobre los orígenes del lenguaje con la patología del lenguaje hallada en el caso de lesiones cerebrales (afasia). Desarrollo. Existen dos formas básicas de afasia asociadas con defectos en el sistema lexicosemántico (afasia de Wernicke) y gramatical (afasia de Broca) del lenguaje. Las observaciones sobre el desarrollo infantil del lenguaje y los experimentos con primates demuestran que el lenguaje inicialmente aparece como un sistema lexicosemántico. La gramática se correlaciona con la habilidad para representar acciones (verbos) y depende de la llamada área de Broca y de los circuitos cerebrales relacionados, pero también se relaciona con la habilidad para secuenciar rápidamente los movimientos articulatorios (praxis del habla). Conclusiones. El lenguaje como sistema lexicosemántico puede haber aparecido mucho antes que el lenguaje como sistema sintáctico. El primero puede haber surgido hace unos 200.000-300.000 años, correlacionado con el incremento del lóbulo temporal, y haber existido en otros homínidos. El lenguaje como sistema gramatical apareció sólo recientemente, quizá hace unos 50.000 años, y parece exclusivo del Homo sapiens

Introduction. Different areas of knowledge have contributed to a better understanding of the origins of human language. Aim. To relate our current knowledge about the origins of language with the language pathology found in the case of brain injuries (aphasia). Development. There are two fundamental forms of aphasia, which linked to defects in the lexicosemantic and grammatical systems of language (Wernicke-type aphasia and Broca-type aphasia, respectively). From observations made on children’s development of language and experiments with primates, it has been shown that language initially appears as a lexico-semantic system. Grammar correlates with the ability to represent actions (verbs) and depends on what is known as Broca’s area and its related brain circuits, but it is also related to the ability to quickly carry out the sequencing of the articulatory movements required for speaking (speech praxis). Conclusions. Language may have appeared as a lexicosemantic system much earlier than language as a syntactic system. The former may have developed around 200,000-300,000 years ago, coinciding with the increase in the temporal lobe, and would have existed in other hominids. Language as agrammatical system appeared perhaps as recently as 50,000 years ago and seems to be exclusive to Homo sapiens

[The origins of language: an analysis from the aphasia perspective]. / Orígenes del lenguaje: un análisis desde la perspectiva de las afasias.

INTRODUCTION: Different areas of knowledge have contributed to a better understanding of the origins of human language. AIM. To relate our current knowledge about the origins of language with the language pathology found in the case of brain injuries (aphasia). DEVELOPMENT: There are two fundamental forms of aphasia, which linked to defects in the lexico-semantic and grammatical systems of language (Wernicke-type aphasia and Broca-type aphasia, respectively). From observations made on children's development of language and experiments with primates, it has been shown that language initially appears as a lexico-semantic system. Grammar correlates with the ability to represent actions (verbs) and depends on what is known as Broca's area and its related brain circuits, but it is also related to the ability to quickly carry out the sequencing of the articulatory movements required for speaking (speech praxis). CONCLUSIONS: Language may have appeared as a lexico-semantic system much earlier than language as a syntactic system. The former may have developed around 200,000-300,000 years ago, coinciding with the increase in the temporal lobe, and would have existed in other hominids. Language as a grammatical system appeared perhaps as recently as 50,000 years ago and seems to be exclusive to Homo sapiens.

[Neuropsychological predictors of reading ability in Spanish]. / Predictores neuropsicológicos de la lectura en español.

INTRODUCTION: Learning how to read has been associated with different types of linguistic and non-linguistic skills. However, few studies have looked at the association between neuropsychological test performance and reading skills at different ages during childhood. AIM: To analyze the association between neuropsychological test scores and reading performance, and to investigate the influence of age, gender and type of school (public or private) over reading test performance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample included 625 6 -to-15 year old children (207 Colombians, 418 Mexicans; 277 boys, 348 girls). The following cognitive abilities were assessed: reading speed and reading comprehension and attention, memory (coding and recall), perception, visuospatial and conceptual abilities and executive functions. RESULTS: The best neuropsychological test predictor for reading speed was Letter Cancellation, and for reading comprehension was Memory for a Story. Children from private schools performed better in most reading tests than children from public schools. Differences between boys and girls were observed in only two reading tests. CONCLUSION: Reading speed correlates mainly with attentional skills and reading comprehension with verbal memory. Reading abilities in school age children are influenced mainly by age and type of school and little by gender.

Predictores neuropsicológicos de la lectura en español / Neuropsychological predictors of reading ability in spanish

Introducción. El aprendizaje de la lectura se ha asociado con el desarrollo de habilidades tanto lingüísticas como no lingüísticas. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han analizado la relación entre las habilidades de lectura y el desempeño en pruebas cognitivas de tipo neuropsicológico en niños de diferentes edades. Objetivos. Correlacionar el desempeño lector con las puntuaciones en diferentes subpruebas neuropsicológicas y analizar el efecto de la edad, el sexo y el tipo de escuela (pública o privada) en pruebas de lectura. Sujetos y métodos. Se estudiaron 625 niños (207 colombianos, 418 mexicanos; 277 niños, 348 niñas) con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 15 años. Se evaluaron, además de las habilidades de lectura, 12 áreas cognitivas diferentes: atención, habilidades construccionales, memoria (codificación y evocación diferida), percepción, lenguaje oral, habilidades metalingüísticas, lectura, escritura, matemáticas, habilidades visuoespaciales, habilidades conceptuales y funciones ejecutivas. Resultados. Un análisis de regresión escalonado mostró que la prueba de cancelación de letras es el mejor predictor de velocidad en la lectura, y la prueba de memoria de una historia la que mejor predice puntuaciones de comprensión de lectura. Los niños de las escuelas privadas se desempeñaron mejor en pruebas de lectura que los niños de escuelas públicas. Las diferencias entre niños y niñas solamente fueron significativas en dos pruebas de lectura. Conclusiones. La velocidad en la lectura se correlaciona especialmente con habilidades atencionales, en tanto que la comprensión en la lectura se correlaciona más con pruebas de memoria verbal. Las habilidades de lectura en niños de edad escolar se ven más influidas por la edad del niño y por el tipo de escuela que por el sexo de los participantes (AU)

Introduction. Learning how to read has been associated with different types of linguistic and non-linguistic skills. However, few studies have looked at the association between neuropsychological test performance and reading skills at different ages during childhood. Aim. To analyze the association between neuropsychological test scores and reading performance, and to investigate the influence of age, gender and type of school (public or private) over reading test performance. Subjects and methods. The sample included 625 6 -to-15 year old children (207 Colombians, 418 Mexicans; 277 boys, 348 girls). The following cognitive abilities were assessed: reading speed and reading comprehension and attention, memory (coding and recall), perception, visuospatial and conceptual abilities and executive functions. Results. The best neuropsychological test predictor for reading speed was Letter Cancellation, and for reading comprehension was Memory for a Story. Children from private schools performed better in most reading tests than children from public schools. Differences between boys and girls were observed in only two reading tests. Conclusion. Reading speed correlates mainly with attentional skills and reading comprehension with verbal memory. Reading abilities in school age children are influenced mainly by age and type of school and little by gender (AU)