ABSTRACT
The partial substitution of sodium chloride by potassium chloride (0%, 25%, and 50%) and addition of arginine (1% w/w) in probiotic Minas cheese was investigated. Microbiological (Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus counts, and functionality of the prebiotics L. acidophilus), physicochemical (pH, proteolysis, organic acids, fatty acids, and volatile profiles), rheological (uniaxial compression) and sensory (hedonic test with 100 consumers) characterizations were carried out. The sodium reduction and addition of arginine did not constitute a hurdle to lactic and probiotic bacteria survival, with presented values of about 9 log CFU/g, ranging from 7.11 to 9.21 log CFU/g, respectively. In addition, lower pH values, higher proteolysis, and a decrease in toughness, elasticity and firmness were observed, as well as an increase in lactic, citric, and acetic acid contents. In contrast, no change was observed in the fatty acid profile. With respect to the sensory acceptance, the probiotic low-sodium Minas cheese presented scores above 6.00 (liked slightly) for the attributes flavor and overall acceptance. The addition of arginine can be a potential alternative for the development of probiotic dairy products with reduced sodium content.
Subject(s)
Arginine/analysis , Cheese/analysis , Food Additives/analysis , Probiotics/analysis , Cheese/microbiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Flavoring Agents/analysis , Food Storage , Humans , Lactobacillus acidophilus/growth & development , Lactococcus lactis/growth & development , Sodium/analysis , TasteABSTRACT
Gamma-oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of sterol and triterpene alcohols, it occurs in rice bran oil at a level of 1 to 2%, where it serves as natural antioxidant. Recent research has shown that gamma-Oryzanol can lower the cholesterol levels in the blood, lowering the risk of coronary heart disease, besides that, also has been used in Japan like natural antioxidant in foods, beverages and cosmetics. This review refers to aspects about gamma-Oryzanol, like its physiochemical properties, its presence in the rice bran oil, its antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activity, as well as, identification, quantitation and extraction methods.