ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infections caused by multidrug resistant microorganisms are a global health problem, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen, easily disseminated in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to determine SPM-1 in P. aeruginosa strains in 30 Brazilian hospitals and the genetic similarity of isolates. METHODS: We analyzed 161 isolates of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Imipenem/EDTA and imipenem strip were used for phenotypic detection of MBL production; and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genetic detection. Genetic similarity was determined by rep-PCR. RESULTS: We obtained 136/161 (84.5%) isolates with positive phenotypic result for metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL) and the blaSPM-1 gene was identified in 41 isolates. There was a predominant profile (>95% of genetic similarity) in 92.7% of isolates. This predominant profile was widely disseminated in Paraná state. CONCLUSION: SPM-1 is the main MBL identified in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in Southern Brazil. The genetic similarity among some isolates suggests a clonal expansion.
Subject(s)
Genotype , Phylogeny , Pseudomonas Infections/epidemiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , beta-Lactam Resistance/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Brazil/epidemiology , Carbapenems/therapeutic use , Clone Cells , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Gene Expression , Hospitals , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Epidemiology , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Colistin/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Adult , Aged , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bacteremia/mortality , Enterobacteriaceae/classification , Enterobacteriaceae/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mortality , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) have emerged as a public health problem and the World Health Organization recommends actions to control MDRB in healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). This study describes a surveillance programme for MDRB in HCAIs at Curitiba, Brazil. MDRB in pneumonia, bloodstream, urinary tract and surgical site infections has been surveyed since January 2010. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and third generation resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequent MDRB in HCAIs. Infection control strategies enrolling hospitals and public health have been developed. The data presented describe MDRB prevalence and the feasibility of this municipal MDRB surveillance programme in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Sentinel Surveillance , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Humans , Prevalence , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Eight virulence factors associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) were investigated in 204 clinical isolates of E. coli recovered from urine cultures at counts ≥10(5). The bacteria were classified into two groups according to the number of leukocytes in urine samples from which they were isolated: group I ≤8 leukocytes/hpf, 104 strains; group II >8 leukocytes/hpf, 100 strains. Two multiplex PCR systems were used to detect genes encoding adhesin P (pap), adhesin S (sfa), afimbrial adhesin I (afa), siderophore aerobactin (aer), alpha-hemolysin (hly), cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (cnf1), and traT associated with serum resistance. The PAI marker for the virulence island identified in strains CFT072 and CVD432, a marker of enteroaggregative E. coli, was also investigated using PCR. The susceptibility profile of E. coli strains was determined by disk diffusion method. Ninety percent UPEC showed at least one of the virulence genes, the prevalence being traT (76%), aer (41%), PAI (32%), sfa (26%), pap (25%), cnf1 (18%), afa (6%), and hly (5%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of virulence genes between groups I and II. A significantly higher degree of virulence was detected in UPEC group II. The CVD432 gene was not detected in any of the UPECs. Fifty-nine percent of the strains were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials that we tested; the most common being resistance to ampicillin (51%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44%).
