ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN IN FAR NORTH.

This article is devoted to the probleme of modern Pediatrics pathology of the immune system in children with complicated viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune and cytokine status in children with complicated acute respiratory viral infections. The study included 100 children are often ill respiratory virus infections (more than 8 times per year) from age 0 to 7 years, and 30 children with upper respiratory tract infection; no more than 1 time per year-the control group. The standards of indicators developed by the staff of Immunological laboratory Diagnostic center of the Ministry of health of Republic Sakha (Yakutia ) together with the Institute of health of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Statistical calculations made on the basis of applied programs "SAS"and "SPSS"In the analysis of contingency tables (estimates of the correlation of the characteristic and evaluation of significance of differences between groups) used the criterion of 2 (Pearson and likelihood ratio and Fisher's exact test. Comparison of mean values was performed univariate analysis of variance using T-student criterion for assessing the equality of mean F-Fisher test to assess equality of variance. Extreme climatic conditions ofthe far North have an impact on immunological mechanisms. In the analysis of changes ofthe immune status revealed the greatest decline in T-cell level and components of complement in children with complications of viral respiratory infections. In children with complicated respiratory viral infections reduced cellular immunity (CD3+, CD41, CD81, CD+, CD 22+). In children with complicated respiratory viral infections decrease levels ofcytokines (IFN-y FN0-d), indicating about the risk of the formation of complications of respiratory viral infections. As a result of drug therapy of broncho-vaxom marked improvement in immune status and the absence of recurrence of respiratory viral infections within the next 3 months after therapy.

THE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN YAKUTIA.

UNLABELLED: Chronic hepatitis in children represents a serious health and social problem. Under the conditions of the high prevalence of viral hepatitis in Yakutia epidemiological process has a number of peculiarities. In children chronic hepatitis often occurs with minor clinical manifestations, which complicate diagnosis. The study of the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data is an important task.The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of chronic hepatitis in children and adolescents living in hyper-endemic region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 1568 patients'data, registered in the dispensary with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis in the period from 2000 to 2012. Epidemiological history data of 304 patients with chronic hepatitis were analyzed. The data from official statistics were used for epidemiological analysis. Processing of clinical and laboratory studies was performed using the statistical package IBM SPSS STATISTICS 19. RESULT: CH epidemiological features were identified, including the prevalence of HBV-infection in etiological structure, the high incidence of the disease among the indigenous population, a high risk of intra-familial infection with hepatitis B virus , high frequency of perinatal infection with hepatitis C virus. It was proposed to maximize screening tests for markers of viral hepatitis and to improve quality control of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemic process of viral hepatitis in children and adolescents in Yakutia is characterized by domination of HBV-infection in the structure of chronic hepatitis. The predominance of the indigenous nationalities among patients with chronic hepatitis B and the leading role of family contact in the routes structure of infection transmission indicates the importance of ethnic and social factors in contraction of the disease.