ABSTRACT
The focus of this article is inland waterway transport. Different problems in this domain have been studied due to the increase in waterway traffic globally. Industry 4.0 technologies have become an alternative for the possible solution of these problems. For this reason, this paper aims to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the main problems in transporting cargo by inland waterway? (2) What technological strategies are being studied to solve these problems? (3) What technologies from Industry 4.0 are used within the technological strategies to solve the exposed problems? This study adopts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. For this work, were recovered 645 articles, 88 of which were eligible, from which we could identify five domains corresponding to (1) traffic monitoring, (2) smart navigation, (3) emission reduction, (4) analytics with big data, and (5) cybersecurity. The strategies currently being considered combine navigation technologies, such as AIS (Automatic Identification System), which offers a large amount of data, with Industry 4.0 tools and mainly machine learning techniques, to take advantage of data collected over a long time. This study is, to our knowledge, one of the first to show how Industry 4.0 technologies are currently being used to tackle inland waterway transport problems and current application trends in the scientific community, which is a first step for the development of future studies and more advanced solutions.
Subject(s)
Industry , Ships , Technology , Big Data , Humans , Machine LearningABSTRACT
La irrigación hepática ha sido ampliamente estudiada en diferentes grupos poblacionales mediante técnicas anatómicas directas e imaginológica, sin embargo los estudios se han caracterizado por mostrar los resultados de una manera que hacen difícil su comprensión al predominar el componente descriptivo de las muestras evaluadas o clasificaciones que por su complejidad no han sido adecuadamente asimiladas por la comunidad académica. Recientemente se clasificaron estas variantes según el origen de la irrigación hepática, agrupando en 3 grupos, cada uno con varios tipos. Se asimilaron los hallazgos de diferentes autores a esta clasificación y se promediaron, siendo el Grupo 1 tipo I considerado como patrón común el más frecuente (70.4%), además en el grupo 2 los tipos I y II tuvieron una frecuencia significativa. El conocimiento de los diferentes patrones de la irrigación hepática es indispensable para lograr abordajes exitosos durante procedimientos complejos, como el trasplante hepático, gastrectomías e intervenciones en la vía biliar, lo cual puede disminuir las complicaciones durante la realización de los mencionados intervenciones quirúrgicas; además el conocimiento del amplio espectro de la irrigación hepática se convierte en requisito que permite adecuadas interpretaciones imaginológicas; son estas las motivaciones que condujeron a la realización de esta revisión temática.
The hepatic irrigation has been widely studied in different population groups by means of anatomical direct skills imaginologic. However the studies have been characterized for showing the results in a way that its comprehension was difficult on having predominated over the descriptive component of the evaluated samples or classifications that for its complexity have not been assimilated properly by the academic community. Abdullah et al (2006) classified these variants as the origin of the hepatic irrigation, grouping in 3 groups, each one with several types. The finds of different authors resembled this classification and they were equally, being the Group 1 the type I considered as the most frequent common pattern (70.4%), also in the Group 2 the types I and II had a significant frequency. The knowledge of the different patterns of the hepatic irrigation is indispensable to achieve successful approaches during complex procedures as; the hepatic transplant, gastrectomies and interventions in the bile duct, which can diminish the complications during the achievement of the mentioned surgical interventions, furthermore the knowledge of this great spectrum of the hepatic irrigation turns into requisite for imaginologic interpretations, being this the motivation that led to the achievement of this thematic review.
