Diversity and genetic structure analysis of three Amazonian Amerindian populations from Colombia / Análisis de la diversidad y la estructura genética de tres poblaciones indígenas amazónicas colombianas

Introduction: In the departments of the Vaupés and Guaviare, in southeastern Colombia, in a transitional area between Amazonia and the eastern plains, inhabit indigenous groups belonging to the Tukanoan (East) and Guahiban linguistic families. Although some studies have dealt with the culture and the cosmology description of these groups, little research has been done on the biological diversity and genetic relationships of such groups.Objective: To estimate the diversity, the structure, and the genetic relationships of one Guahiban and two Tukanoan groups of the Colombian Amazonian region.Methods: Samples were collected (n = 106) from unrelated individuals belonging to the Vaupés native indigenous communities. The DNA was extracted and nine autosomal microsatellites were typed. Several measures of diversity, FST, pairwise FST, and population differentiation between groups were calculated. Finally, it was estimated the genetic distances of the groups studied in relation with other Amazonian, Andean and Central American indigenous people.Results: 1. The genetic diversity found stands within the range of other Amazonian populations, whereas compared to the mestizo and afro-descendant Colombian populations, such diversity showed to be lower. 2. The structure and population differentiation tests showed two clusters; one consisting of the Vaupés Tukanoan and Guaviare Tukanoan groups, and a second one formed by the Guayabero. 3. Tukanoan groups are found to be closer related to the Brazilian Amazonian populations than to the Guayabero.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the Guayabero group from Guaviare, are genetically differentiated from those Tukanoan groups of the Vaupés and Guaviare

Diversity and genetic structure analysis of three Amazonian Amerindian populations of Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: In the departments of the Vaupés and Guaviare, in southeastern Colombia, in a transitional area between Amazonia and the eastern plains, inhabit indigenous groups belonging to the Tukanoan (East) and Guahiban linguistic families. Although some studies have dealt with the culture and the cosmology description of these groups, little research has been done on the biological diversity and genetic relationships of such groups. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the diversity, the structure, and the genetic relationships of one Guahiban and two Tukanoan groups of the Colombian Amazonian region. METHODS: Samples were collected (n = 106) from unrelated individuals belonging to the Vaupés native indigenous communities. The DNA was extracted and nine autosomal microsatellites were typed. Several measures of diversity, FST, pairwise FST, and population differentiation between groups were calculated. Finally, it was estimated the genetic distances of the groups studied in relation with other Amazonian, Andean and Central American indigenous people. RESULTS: 1. The genetic diversity found stands within the range of other Amazonian populations, whereas compared to the mestizo and afro-descendant Colombian populations, such diversity showed to be lower. 2. The structure and population differentiation tests showed two clusters; one consisting of the Vaupés Tukanoan and Guaviare Tukanoan groups, and a second one formed by the Guayabero. 3. Tukanoan groups are found to be closer related to the Brazilian Amazonian populations than to the Guayabero. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the Guayabero group from Guaviare, are genetically differentiated from those Tukanoan groups of the Vaupés and Guaviare.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En los departamentos del Vaupés y el Guaviare, al Suroriente de Colombia, en un área transicional entre la Amazonía y los Llanos Orientales, habitan pueblos indígenas de las familias lingüísticas Tucano (Oriental) y Guahibo. Se han hecho estudios sobre la cultura y la cosmología de dichos grupos, pero poco se ha investigado sobre su diversidad biológica y sus relaciones genéticas. OBJETIVO: Estimar la diversidad, la estructura y las relaciones genéticas de dos poblaciones Tucano Oriental y un grupo Guayabero (Guahibo) de la Amazonía colombiana. METODOS: Se recolectaron muestras de 106 individuos no emparentados, pertenecientes a comunidades indígenas del Vaupés y el Guaviare. Se tipificaron nueve microsatélites autosómicos. Se estimó la heterocigosidad, la diversidad génica, FST y FST pareados entre grupos. Se realizó una prueba de estructura espacial y se construyó un árbol de distancias genéticas con otras poblaciones indígenas amazónicas, Andinas y centroamericanas. RESULTADOS: La diversidad genética se encuentra en el rango estándar de otras poblaciones amazónicas, pero es más baja que en población mestiza y afrodescendiente de Colombia. Los Tucano Oriental del Vaupés y el Guaviare conforman una unidad genética que se diferencia significativamente de los Guayaberos. Los grupos Tucano están más cerca genéticamente de las poblaciones amazónicas brasileras que de los Guayabero. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los Guayaberos en el Guaviare, están diferenciados genéticamente de los grupos Tucano del Vaupés y de los Tucano del Refugio en el Guaviare.

Diagnóstico de las enfermedades periodontales en un grupo de carnívoros nativos en cautiverio en el Zoológico Jaime Duque / Periodontal disease diagnosis in a group of captive native carnivores at Jaime Duque Zoo

Se realizó un diagnóstico de la Enfermedad Periodontal en 12 especies de carnívoros del Zoológico Jaime Duque. Se muestrearon 23 animales con diferentes protocolos de anestesia fija. Se diseñó e implementó un protocolo de examen de la cavidad oral, haciendo énfasis en la parte Periodontal. 16 de los 23 individuos presentaron enfermedad Periodontal. En 9 individuos se realizó cultivo microbiológico de la cavidad oral, donde los resultados en su mayoría indicaron flora bacteriana normal.