Evaluation of the registry DIALYREG for the assessment of continuous renal replacement techniques in the critically ill patient.

Continuous renal replacement techniques (CRRT) can induce complications and monitoring is crucial to ensure patient safety. We designed a prospective multicenter observational and descriptive study using the DIALYREG registry, an online database located on a REDCap web-based platform that allows real-time data analysis. Our main objective was to identify CRRT-related complications in our intensive care units (ICUs) and implement security measures accordingly. From January 2019 to December 2020, we included 323 patients with admission diagnoses of medical illness (54%), sepsis (24%), postoperative care (20%), and trauma (2%). CRRT indications were homeostasis (42%), oliguria (26%), fluid overload (15%), and hemodynamic optimization (13%). The median initial therapy dose was 30 ml/kg/h (IQR 25-40), and dynamic adjustment was performed in 61% of the treatments. Sets were anticoagulated with heparin (40%), citrate (38%) or no anticoagulation (22%). Citrate anticoagulation had several advantages: more frequent dynamic CRRT dose adjustment (77% vs. 58% with heparin and 56% without anticoagulation, p < 0.05), longer duration of set (median of 55 h, IQR 24-72 vs. 23 h, IQR 12-48 with heparin and 12 h, IQR 12-31 without anticoagulation, p < 0.05), less clotting of the set (26% vs. 46.7% with heparin, p < 0.05), and lower incidence of hypophosphatemia (1% citrate vs. 6% with heparin and 5% without anticoagulation). It was also safe and effective in subgroup analysis of patients with liver disease or sepsis. The main global complications were hypothermia (16%), hypophosphatemia (13%) and metabolic acidosis (10%). Weaning of the therapy was achieved through early discontinuation (56%), nocturnal therapy transition (26%) and progressive SLED (18%). 52% of the patients were discharged from the hospital, while 43% died in the ICU and 5% died during hospitalization. We can conclude that the DIALYREG registry is a feasible tool for real-time control of CRRT in our ICU.

Anomalous position of femoral dialysis catheters / Posición anómala de los catéteres femorales para diálisis

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Dialysis Efficiency of AN69, a Semisynthetic Membrane Not Well Suited for Diffusion.

AN69 membrane is not suited for diffusion, with an suggested limit at 25 mL/min dialysate flow rate. When prescribing continuous hemodialysis this threshold must be surpassed to achieve. We designed a study aimed to check if a higher dose of dialysis could be delivered efficiently with this membrane. Ten ICU patients under continuous hemodiafiltration with 1.4 m(2) AN69 membrane were included and once a day we set the monitor to exclusively 50 mL/min dialysate flow rate and 250 mL/min blood flow rate and after 15 minutes measured dialysate saturation for urea, creatinine, and ß 2-microglobulin. We detected that urea saturation of dialysate was nearly complete (1.1 ± 0.09) for at least 40 hours, while creatinine saturation showed a large dispersion (0.86 ± 0.22) and did not detect any relation for these variables with time, blood flow, or anticoagulation regime. Saturation of ß 2-microglobulin was low (0.34 ± 0.1) and decreased discretely with time (r (2) = 0.15, P < 0.05) and significantly with TMP increases (r (2) = 0.31, P < 0.01). In our experience AN69 membrane shows a better diffusive capability than previously acknowledged, covering efficiently the range of standard dosage for continuous therapies. Creatinine is not a good marker of the membrane diffusive capability.

[Dysautonomic seizures in patients admitted to an intensive care unit following severe traumatic brain injury]. / Crisis disautonómicas en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos tras un traumatismo craneoencefálico grave.

AIM: To describe clinical and radiologic features of dysautonomic crisis after severe traumatic brain injury and its influence in the clinical situation six months later. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observatory study of seven patients after severe head injury, with dysautonomic crisis, admitted in the Critical Care Unit (CCU) during six months. No interventions. Its clinical features, its association with intracranial pressure and the treatment for Dysautonomic crisis they have received were extracted from the computed clinical report. We have evaluated his neurologic prognosis with the Jennet-Bond scale and his radiologic characteristics with the Gennarelly scale. RESULTS: Dysautonomic crisis began in the first week if the patients didn't received neuromuscular blocks drugs and they continued when the patients were discharged from the CCU in a young population with an initial Glasgow scale coma of 5 points. We didn't wait a special radiologic pattern. After the next six months, crisis were disappeared in 86% of patients and all patients reached a good neurologic level in the Jennet-Bond scale. CONCLUSIONS: Dysautonomic crisis appeared early in young men after severe head injury. We didn't find a radiologic pattern that predisposes the dysautonomic crisis. They didn't interfere the recovering six months after head injury.

Crisis disautonómicas en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos tras un traumatismo craneoencefálico grave / Dysautonomic seizures in patients admitted to an intensive care unit following severe traumatic brain injury

Objetivo. Describir el perfil clínico de las crisis disautonómicas tras el traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) grave, los hallazgos radiológicos en los que se sustenta y la situación clínica de los pacientes a los seis meses de evolución. Pacientes y métodos. Se trata de un estudio de observación y retrospectivo de una serie de siete pacientes con TCE grave que presentaron crisis disautonómicas durante su estancia en la UCI, recogidos a lo largo de seis meses. No se realizó ninguna intervención. Las manifestaciones clínicas, su asociación con los valores de presión intracraneal, su persistencia al alta de la UCI y el tratamiento recibido se extrajeron de la historia clínica informatizada de los pacientes. El pronóstico neurológico a los seis meses se evaluó mediante entrevistas telefónicas utilizando la escala de Jennet y Bond, y los hallazgos radiológicos, mediante la escala de Gennarelly. Resultados. Las crisis disautonómicas se presentaron durante la primera semana de estancia y continuaron en el momento del alta de la UCI en una población joven, con un valor de la escala de Glasgow inicial de cinco puntos. No encontramos un patrón radiológico propio de los pacientes con crisis disautonómicas. A los seis meses habían desaparecido en el 86 por ciento de los casos, sin requerir una medicación específica, y todos alcanzaron un buen grado neurológico en la escala de Jennet y Bond. Conclusiones. Las crisis disautonómicas aparecieron precozmente en hombres jóvenes que sufrieron un TCE grave y no requirieron neurocirugía. No encontramos un patrón radiológico predisponente, ni su presencia interfirió con la recuperación neurológica a los seis meses de evolución (AU)

Aim. To describe clinical and radiologic features of dysautonomic crisis after severe traumatic brain injury and its influence in the clinical situation six months later. Patients and methods. Retrospective, observatory study of seven patients after severe head injury, with dysautonomic crisis, admitted in the Critical Care Unit (CCU) during six months. No interventions. Its clinical features, its association with intracranial pressure and the treatment for Dysautonomic crisis they have received were extracted from the computed clinical report. We have evaluated his neurologic prognosis with the Jennet-Bond scale and his radiologic characteristics with the Gennarelly scale. Results. Dysautonomic crisis began in the first week if the patients didn’t received neuromuscular blocks drugs and they continued when the patients were discharged from the CCU in a young population with an initial Glasgow scale coma of 5 points. We didn’t wait a special radiologic pattern. After the next six months, crisis were disappeared in 86% of patients and all patients reached a good neurologic level in the Jennet-Bond scale. Conclusions. Dysautonomic crisis appeared early in young men after severe head injury. We didn’t find a radiologic pattern that predisposes the dysautonomic crisis. They didn’t interfere the recovering six months after head injury (AU)

Donantes de órganos en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / Organ donation in the intensive care unit

Objetivo. Conocer el perfil y las complicaciones que desarrollan los donantes reales de órganos y los recursos que se invierten en su manejo. Diseño. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de todos los pacientes donantes reales de órganos ingresados desde enero de 1997 a enero de 2002 en nuestra Unidad. Ámbito. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Complejo Hospitalario Hospital Carlos Haya. Se trata de una Unidad polivalente de 42 camas, que atiende todo tipo de patología crítica. El Hospital es Centro de Referencia provincial para patología neuroquirúrgica. Pacientes y métodos. Se incluyeron un total de 114 pacientes en el período de estudio en el que se recogieron variables epidemiológicas y demográficas, así como métodos diagnósticos, monitorización, complicaciones y tratamiento aplicado. Resultados. El perfil del donante real de órganos en nuestro medio es un hombre joven con traumatismo craneoencefálico, que desarrolla como complicaciones más frecuentes hipotermia, hipotensión y diabetes insípida con hipernatremia y que precisa soporte vasoactivo. El porcentaje de monitorización arterial invasiva en pacientes en Glasgow Coma Scale de 3 fue del 50 por ciento. El número de órganos extraídos fue mayor en pacientes más jóvenes y la media por paciente fue de tres órganos, siendo los más frecuentemente extraídos los riñones y el hígado. Conclusiones. Las frecuentes complicaciones asociadas a la situación de muerte encefálica suponen un tratamiento hemodinámico agresivo que precisa una monitorización adecuada que debe ser prestada en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (AU)