Do Science and Social Science Differ? Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) of the Willingness to Continue Online Learning.

Without proper preparation by higher institutions, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the world to rely on online learning. Even students of social science and science are looking for different knowledge and skills. Currently, both groups rely on the same method to gather knowledge for future undertakings. Given the uncertainty regarding the resolution of COVID-19, which has driven students to continue using online learning, the current study aims to identify the factors of willingness to continue online learning among social science and pure science students by extending the use of expectation-confirmation theory. Applying a purposive sampling method, 2,215 questionnaires were collected among undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) using an online survey. Current study found that expectation and confirmation positively affect satisfaction. Attitude, satisfaction and readiness were found to have a positive relationship with willingness to continue online learning. Meanwhile, self-efficacy was found unsupported hypothesis for the direct effect. For multigroup analysis, readiness was found to have a significant difference between students of social science and pure science. The findings of this research enrich the literature about online learning, especially in the COVID-19 setting. Moreover, this work is useful for higher education institutions seeking to design a better strategy that allows students to return to campus.

Morphological Variation between Hatchery Bred and Wild Caught Anabas testudineus in Malaysia.

This study was designed to characterise the cultured and wild populations of Anabas testudineus in Malaysia using morphological parameters. Fish samples from the East and West coast of the country were obtained from fishermen (wild samples) and well-recognised climbing perch farmers in Kedah, Kelantan, Johor and Selangor. The Truss network method was applied to obtain necessary data and analysed to examine phenotypic variation between the cultured and wild stocks. Results obtained suggest that each hatchery population belonged to a distinct stock as revealed by their separate clustering into individual unique groups. However, an extensive overlap was observed in the wild population suggesting similarity of origin. The most important morphological parameters for the discrimination of the two populations are the homologous landmark B (i.e., snout to insertion of the pelvic fin) and C (i.e., above the eye to insertion of the pelvic fin). Genetic characterisation of the A. testudineus is needed to complement the findings of this study and establish a baseline for the development of a selective breeding programme for the fish species in Malaysia.

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mencirikan populasi Anabas testudineus yang dikultur dan liar di Malaysia menggunakan parameter morfologi. Sampel ikan dari pantai timur dan barat negara ini diperoleh daripada nelayan (sampel liar) dan penternak ikan yang diiktiraf di Kedah, Kelantan, Johor dan Selangor. Kaedah rangkaian Truss digunakan untuk mendapatkan data yang diperlukan dan dianalisis untuk memeriksa variasi fenotip antara stok kultur dan liar. Keputusan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahawa setiap populasi penetasan tergolong dalam stok yang berbeza seperti yang didedahkan oleh kelompok berasingan ke dalam kumpulan unik individu. Walau bagaimanapun, pertindihan yang luas diperhatikan dalam populasi liar yang mencadangkan persamaan asal. Parameter morfologi yang paling penting untuk diskriminasi kedua-dua populasi ialah mercu tanda homolog B (iaitu, snout untuk memasukkan sirip pelvis) dan C (iaitu, di atas mata untuk memasukkan sirip pelvis). Pencirian genetik A. testudineus diperlukan untuk melengkapkan penemuan kajian ini dan mewujudkan asas untuk pembangunan program pembiakan terpilih untuk spesies ikan di Malaysia.

The sequential mediation model of students' willingness to continue online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study explored the factors influencing students' willingness to continue with the online learning system during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by adopting the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory. This study also incorporated e-learning readiness, performance, and satisfaction as mediators. The present study employed the purposive sampling method, whereby 2215 data of undergraduate students from a public university were gathered using an online survey and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) with Smart Partial Least Squares (SmartPLS). The results revealed that students' e-learning readiness, performance, and satisfaction positively influenced their willingness to continue online learning. Besides, students' e-learning readiness, performance, and satisfaction sequentially mediated the relationship between the online learning system quality and willingness to continue online learning. Significantly, this study provided new insights into the literature on students' willingness to continue online learning by providing empirical evidence on the factors that support their willingness to continue online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.