ABSTRACT
This work reports on the development of a 3D microfluidic paper-based device (3D µPAD) for glucose detection using organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower technology to immobilize the bi-enzymatic system (glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase). The system is based on nanoflowerssupported on cellulose paper (the microreactor zone) coupled to 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the colorimetric probe in the detection zone. We used a digital camera for the quantitative analysis of glucose with the S coordinate of the HSV color space as the analytical parameter. Under optimal operational conditions, linearity was observed for glucose concentrations up to 300 µM, with a detection limit of 15.6 µM. The biosensor is reusable and remains stable for 75 days in conventional storage conditions.
Subject(s)
Colorimetry/instrumentation , Glucose/analysis , Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Paper , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Disposable Equipment , Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Equipment Reuse , Glucose/chemistry , Glucose Oxidase/chemistry , Horseradish Peroxidase/chemistry , Nanocomposites/ultrastructure , Particle SizeABSTRACT
A sulphide selective colorimetric metal complexing indicator-displacement assay has been developed using an immobilized copper(II) complex of the azo dye 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol printed by inkjetting on a nylon support. The change in colour measured from the image of the disposable membrane acquired by a digital camera using the H coordinate of the HSV colour space as the analytical parameter is able to sense sulphide in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 with a dynamic range up to 145 µM, a detection limit of 0.10 µM and a precision between 2 and 11%.
Subject(s)
Colorimetry/methods , Indicators and Reagents/chemistry , Ink , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Printing , Sulfides/analysis , Water/chemistry , Colorimetry/instrumentation , Copper/chemistry , Indicators and Reagents/chemical synthesis , Naphthols/chemistry , Nylons/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Photography/instrumentationABSTRACT
One of the main limiting factors in optical sensing arrays is the reproducibility in the preparation, typically by spin coating and drop casting techniques, which produce membranes that are not fully homogeneous. In this paper, we increase the discriminatory power of colorimetric arrays by increasing the reproducibility in the preparation by inkjet printing and measuring the color from the image of the array acquired by a digital camera, using the H coordinate of the HSV color space as the analytical parameter, which produces robust and precise measurements. A disposable 31 mm × 19 mm nylon membrane with 35 sensing areas with 7 commercial chromogenic reagents makes it possible to identify 13 metal ions and to determine mixtures with up to 5 ions using a two-stage neural network approach with higher accuracy than with previous approaches.
ABSTRACT
The present paper describes the use of a microfluidic system to synthesize carbon dots (Cdots) and their use as optical pH sensors. The synthesis is based on the thermal decomposition of ascorbic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide. The proposed microsystem is composed of a fluidic and a thermal platform, which enable proper control of synthesis variables. Uniform and monodispersed 3.3 nm-sized Cdots have been synthesized, the optical characterization of which showed their down/upconversion luminescence and colorimetric properties. The obtained Cdots have been used for pH detection with down and upconverison fluorescent properties as excitation sources. The naked eye or a photographic digital camera has also been implemented as detection systems with the hue parameter showing a linear pH range from 3.5 to 10.2. On the other hand, experiments on the cytotoxicity and permeability of the Cdots on human embryonic kidney cells revealed their adsorption on cells without causing any impact on the cellular morphology.
Subject(s)
Carbon/chemistry , Quantum Dots/chemistry , Cell Survival/drug effects , Colorimetry , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Particle Size , Quantum Dots/toxicity , Quantum Dots/ultrastructureABSTRACT
This study presents the development and characterization of a disposable optical tongue for the simultaneous identification and determination of the heavy metals Zn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II). The immobilization of two chromogenic reagents, 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and Zincon, and their arrangement forms an array of membranes that work by complexation through a co-extraction equilibrium, producing distinct changes in color in the presence of heavy metals. The color is measured from the image of the tongue acquired by a scanner working in transmission mode using the H parameter (hue) of the HSV color space, which affords robust and precise measurements. The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in a two-stage approach based on color parameters, the H feature of the array, makes it possible to identify and determine the analytes. In the first stage, the metals present above a threshold of 10(-7) M are identified with 96% success, regardless of the number of metals present, using the H feature of the two membranes. The second stage reuses the H features in combination with the results of the classification procedure to estimate the concentration of each analyte in the solution with acceptable error. Statistical tests were applied to validate the model over real data, showing a high correlation between the reference and predicted heavy metal ion concentration.
