Landing error scoring system: A scoping review about variants, reference values and differences according to sex and sport.

OBJECTIVE: The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a movement analysis tool proposed to identify the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, very useful for injury prevention. The aim of this study is to review the variants of the LESS, their normative scores and the differences according to sex and sport practiced. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were searched from inception to October 19, 2023. Studies were eligible if the objective was finding normative or reference scores for the LESS, analyze the differences between sexes or sports, or used some variant of the test. Results were limited to available full-text articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS: Of the 360 articles identified, 20 were included for a full analysis (18,093 participants, age = 8-30 years, males = 70.6%). The military population was the most frequently analyzed (7 studies, n = 16,603). Results showed six variants of the LESS and average values ranged from 2.56 to 7.1. Males and females showed different pattern landing with errors in different planes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the need for more field studies on LESS reference scores, particularly for females and basketball or hockey players. Further research is required before conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Socioeconomic inequities and barriers to physical activity in Argentina.

Physical activity (PA) is recognized as a protective factor for health. Despite the importance that has been given to health differences in recent decades, strong inequities still persist. This article examines the inequities in the levels and barriers to PA in Argentina. This was a cross-sectional study with data from the National Risk Factors Survey of Argentina. We considered six sociodemographic variables from 29,135 adults: sex, age, marital status, educational level, household income, and size of the city of residence. The average age was 46.5 years (+/- 18), 43.0% were male, 19.5% were over 65 years old, 55.6% had completed secondary education, and 43.3% lived in large cities. More than half (64.1%) did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on PA. The main barrier to PA was lack of time (37.3%), followed by health reasons (24.3%) and lack of will (15.4%). Females, individuals who were married or in a couple relationship, those with incomplete secondary education, those who belonged to the three low-income quintiles, and people over 65 years old were 34% (OR 0.66 95% CI 0.59-0.65), 17% (OR 0.83 95% CI 0.79-0.88), 41% (OR 0.59 95% CI 0.56-0.62), 36% (OR 0.74 95% CI 0.70-0.78), and 51% (OR 0.49 95% CI 0.45-0.53) less likely to comply with WHO guidelines, respectively. To plan public policies to promote PA, it is necessary to consider inequities related to physical inactivity, while understanding the PA patterns according to social determinants.