Development of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) waste powder as a potential food ingredient with functional properties.

Salta province, northwestern Argentina, produces blueberries for export and discards fruits with a potential quantity of bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds have health-promoting properties that prevent or delay the appearance of chronic diseases. This study aimed to formulate blueberry microcapsules using discarded fruit, to determine and evaluate the effect of spray-drying and lyophilization on the bioactive compounds and their physical properties. Fourteen capsule prototypes were obtained by applying a randomized full factorial design with two factors: type of drying and type of wall material. The former factor had two levels (spray-drying and lyophilization) and the latter had three levels, each with defined quantities to be used, namely maltodextrin (0%, 10%, 15%, and 30%), gum Arabic (0%, 10%, 15%, and 30%), and modified starch (0%, 10%, 15%, and 30%). Spray-drying, lyophilization, total polyphenols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, antioxidant activity, and the physical properties of the microcapsules were analyzed using ANOVA, PCA, and cluster analysis. Results showed significant differences between the two processes (P < 0,05), with lyophilization being better at preserving bioactive compounds. The PCA test also showed a positive association between lyophilization and bioactive compounds, while spray-drying powders were related to negative characteristics, like moisture and water activity.

Physico-chemical and sensory properties of marmalades made from mixtures of fruits and under-exploited Andean tubers.

BACKGROUND: This work studies the added value to the Andean tuber crops through the production of jams. The objective were: (1) to study the sensory and instrumental characteristics of dietetic marmalades made with fruits and Andean tubers; (2) to research consumer's acceptability and emotional responses; (3) to assess the relationship between sensory and instrumental variables and (4) to determine sensory, instrumental and emotional variables that influence the acceptability. RESULTS: Pearson's correlations showed that spreadability was the variable better predicted by sensory and instrumental ones. The analysis of variance showed that sourness increased with the increase of strawberry and the decrease of apple contents (P < 0.05). The acceptability increased when the strawberry proportion was higher. The sweetness-sourness balance drove the hedonic response and some emotions changed from one feeling to its corresponding opposite when the strawberry proportion reached 50 or 60. According to a partial least square 2 and a principal components analysis of sensory/acceptability/emotion data, 'typical', 'autochthonous', 'urban' and 'present' resulted in positive emotions which favored the consumer liking. CONCLUSION: Formulating marmalades with mixtures of fruits and Andean tubers will allow giving value-added to these crops. The elaboration of products using innovative raw materials will be an incentive for farmers to cultivate them. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Food menus evaluation for most liked products in children from Puna, region of Argentina.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of varied food menus, preferred by children of 11-14 years located at Puna (3500 m.a.s.l.), in young urban people. The children drew "the preferred menu" which showed that the consumption of vegetables as a main course was comfortable when it was consumed in the form of soups and mixed vegetables. However, some imbalances were detected when evaluating the percentage of daily nutritional values and the caloric distribution of nutrients. Consumer's hedonic scores showed significant acceptability to the cheese empanadas, Andean potato cake and Andean mashed potato. The free word association test suggested that, because of their relationship with culture, the Andean mashed potato, verde potato stew with charqui and anchi of apple could be offered as a traditional food. The acceptability of meals was largely related to the meals having the highest input of energy, fat and carbohydrates but containing the least content of protein and dietary fiber.

Iron, zinc and calcium dialyzability from extruded product based on whole grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus cruentus) and amaranth/Zea mays blends.

Amaranth is a Native American grain appreciated for its high nutritional properties including high mineral content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of Fe, Zn and Ca from extruded products made with two varieties of amaranth and their mixtures with maize at two levels of replacement. Mineral availability was estimated using dialyzability method. The contents of Fe (64.0-84.0 mg/kg), Ca (1977.5-2348.8 mg/kg) and Zn (30.0-32.1 mg/kg) were higher in amaranth than in maize products (6.2, 19.1, 9.7 mg/kg, respectively). Mineral availability was in the range of (2.0-3.6%), (3.3-11.1%) and (1.6-11.4%) for Fe, Ca and Zn, respectively. Extruded amaranth and amaranth/maize products provide higher amount of Fe and Ca than extruded maize. Extruded amaranth products and amaranth addition to maize could be an interesting way to increase nutritional value of extruded products.

[Foods formulation for people with celiac disease based on quinoa (Chenopoduim quinoa), cereal flours and starches mixtures]. / Formulación de alimentos para celíacos en base a mezclas de harinas de quínoa, cereales y almidones.

Gluten free food for people with celiac disease based on quinoa, rice and corn flours and starches, were formulated. An informatic tool (ALIM V 1.0) developed by the authors, was used for the formulation of these foods. The obtained products were pancakes, scons, precooked pizza and bread which were analyzed in their chemical composition (protein, fat, fiber, moisture, ash and carbohydrates). Water activity (aw), acceptability and texture parameters (hardness, gumminess, chewiness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness) were also determined. Commercial products (C) were taken as reference and were performed the same analysis to formulated products (F). Significant differences were found in protein, fat moisture, ash and fiber content and in most of the texture parameters studied in both food groups (p<0.05). In pancakes and scones (F) was observed an increase of protein of 88 and 198% respectively, while prepizza and bread (F) showed lower contents (8 and 22%) respect to their commercial pairs, however all products (F) have Chemical Scores higher to 100. The aw of products (F) and (C), gave values similar to the data cited on bibliography for analogous products. The formulations more acceptable (values over 80%) were scones and pancakes. Overall, the formulated products provide good quality proteins, have good textural characteristics and adequate percentages of acceptability to be used in the feeding of celiac patients.

Formulación de alimentos para celíacos con base en mezclas de harinas de quínoa, cereales y almidones / Foods formulation for people with celíac disease based on quinoa (chenopoduim quinoa), cereal flours and starches mixtures

Se formularon alimentos sin gluten para celíacos en base a mezclas de harina de quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa), arroz y maíz con almidones. Para la formulación de estos alimentos se usó la herramienta informática (ALIM V1.0) desarrollada por los autores. Se obtuvieron panqueques, scones, prepizza y pan, los cuales fueron evaluados en composición química (proteínas, grasas, cenizas, fibras, humedad y carbohidratos). También se determinaron actividad de agua (a w), aceptabilidad y parámetros de textura (dureza, gomosidad, masticabilidad, adhesividad, cohesividad). Se tomaron como referencia productos comerciales (C) a los que se les realizaron los mismos análisis que a los productos formulados (F). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los contenidos de proteínas, grasas, humedad, cenizas, fibras y en la mayoría de los parámetros de textura estudiados en ambos grupos de productos (pw de los productos (F) y (C) resultaron similares a los datos citados en bibliografía para productos análogos. Las formulaciones más aceptables fueron los scones y los panqueques con valores superiores al 80 por ciento. Los productos formulados en general aportan proteínas de buena calidad, poseen buenas características texturales y adecuados porcentajes de aceptabilidad para ser usados en la alimentación de pacientes celíacos.

Gluten free food for people with celiac disease based on quinoa, rice and corn flours and starches, were formulated. An informatic tool (ALIM V 1.0) developed by the authors, was used for the formulation of these foods. The obtained products were pancakes, scons, precooked pizza and bread which were analyzed in their chemical composition (protein, fat, fiber, moisture, ash and carbohydrates). Water activity (a w), acceptability and texture parameters (hardness, gumminess, chewiness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness) were also determined. Commercial products (C) were taken as reference and were performed the same analysis to formulated products (F). Significant differences were found in protein, fat moisture, ash and fiber content and in most of the texture parameters studied in both food groups (pw of products (F) and (C), gave values similar to the data cited on bibliography for analogous products. The formulations more acceptable (values over 80 percent) were scones and pancakes. Overall, the formulated products provide good quality proteins, have good textural characteristics and adequate percentages of acceptability to be used in the feeding of celiac patients.

Formulación y caracterización de un alimento suplementario para deportistas / A supplementar sportmen food formulation and characterization

Se obtuvo un alimento suplementario para deportistas en base a extrusado maíz: soja, albúmina de huevo liofilizada y aislado protéico de soja. El alimento desarrollado como polvo fue evaluado en sus características físico-químicas, funcionales, nutricionales y sensoriales comparándolo con un alimento comercial de referencia. Evaluados ambos alimentos en cuanto a la composición y valor biológico de sus proteínas, se determinó menor contenido de las mismas en el alimento formulado (65 por ciento) frente al comercial (90 por ciento); pero mayor NPR del primero (4,86) con respecto al segundo (4,03). Por otra paarte el RNPR del alimento formulado (mezcla base) presentó un valor superior al comercial (PROT 90), (83,76 y 69,48 respectivamente), usando la caseína como patrón. Otro de los análisis realizados fue la digestibilidad para la que se obtuvieron los siguientes valores (93, 65 y 95,7) para mezcla base y PROT90. Por otra parte, el producto formulado no presentó actividad aréasica, antitríptica o hemaglutinate. En cuanto a las características físico-químicas, se aprecia que el contenido de Lisina disponible es mayor en el producto formulado (15g/16g nitrógeno) con respecto al comercial (7,80g/16g de nitrógeno); además presenta bajo contenido de peróxidos (1,37 meq/kg de muestra) y el ensayo de micotoxinas para la materia prima, resultó negativo. Además se determinó color, WAI, WSI y a(w) en ambos productos. Con respecto al comportamiento de flujo de las suspensiones en agua, leche entera y jugo de naranja, todas exhiben comportamiento pseudoplástico (formulado y comercial). Determinado el tiempo de sedimentación, se observó que en la primera media hora los productos son estables y no presentan separación de fases. Desde el punto de vista sensorial, el alimento suplementario formulado presenta un 78,5 por ciento de aceptabilidad y un 100 por ciento de preferencia.

Selección de parámetros para tratamientos térmicos en soja mediante inactivación de enzimas / Selection of parameters for the thermal treatment of soybean by enzyme inactivation

Se informan los efectos del tratamiento térmico, calor seco y húmedo, sobre el grano de soja y productos molidos, evaluados mediante la activación ureásica, antitrípica y dispersibilidad de proteínas. En la operación de inactivación enzimática se consideraron los parámetros siguientes: tiempo y temperatura de exposición, humedad y tamaño de la partícula. De los distintos tratamientos térmicos aplicados en este trabajo se dedujo que las condiciones de procesos adecuados para obtener un producto apto para consumo humano, son: grano de soja molido humectado (25% de humedad) sometido a una corriente de vapor (97-C) durante un período de cuatro a ocho minutos