Acupuncture on anxiety and inflammatory events following surgery of mandibular third molars: a split-mouth, randomized, triple-blind clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of acupuncture and placebo acupuncture on the control of pain, oedema, and trismus following the extraction of third molars and on the control of preoperative anxiety. Sixteen patients (mean age 22.5±3.45years) each underwent four acupuncture sessions, one prior to each surgery and the others at 24, 48, and 72hours after each surgery (left and right tooth). Oedema was determined using measurements of the face and trismus was determined by maximum mouth opening at baseline and at 24, 48, 72hours and 7days following surgery. Postoperative pain was evaluated by the patients using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 24, 48, and 72hours following surgery. Anxiety was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a VAS at baseline and before and after acupuncture prior to surgery. The statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. Acupuncture showed a better performance in the control of oedema at 48hours (P=0.026), 72hours (P=0.046), and 7days (P=0.040) when compared to placebo. There was no statistically significant difference between the acupuncture and placebo groups in the control of pain, trismus, or anxiety.

Influence of third molars in mandibular fractures. Part 2: mandibular condyle-a meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of the presence and position of mandibular third molars in mandibular condyle fractures. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and VHL, through January 2016. The eligibility criteria included observational studies. The search strategy resulted in 704 articles. Following the selection process, 13 studies were included in the systematic review and 11 in the meta-analysis. In terms of the risk of bias analysis, six studies presented ≤6 stars in the Newcastle-Ottawa scale assessment. The presence of a mandibular third molar decreased the probability of condylar fracture (cross-sectional and case-control studies: odds ratio (OR) 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.40, I2=87.8%; case-control studies: OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16-0.58, I2=91.6%). The third molar positions most favourable to condylar fracture according to the Pell and Gregory classification are class A (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09-1.61, I2=0%) and class I (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05-1.77, I2=32.8%). Class B (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.97, I2=56.0%) and class II (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.87, I2=0%) act as protective factors for condylar fracture. The results suggest that the presence of a mandibular third molar decreases the chance of condylar fracture and that the positions of the third molar most favourable for condylar fracture are classes A and I, with classes B and II acting as protective factors.

Influence of third molars in mandibular fractures. Part 1: mandibular angle-a meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of the presence and position of mandibular third molars on angle fractures. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and VHL databases, through January 2016. The eligibility criteria included observational studies. The search strategy resulted in 704 articles. Following the selection process, 35 studies were included in the systematic review and 28 in the meta-analysis. Twenty studies presented a score of ≤6 stars in the Newcastle-Ottawa scale assessment, indicating a risk of bias in the analysis. The presence of a mandibular third molar increases the chance of an angle fracture (case-control and cross-sectional studies: odds ratio (OR) 3.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.02-4.85, I2=83.1%; case-control studies: OR 3.27, 95% CI 2.57-4.16, I2=81.3%). The third molar positions most favourable to angle fracture according to the Pell and Gregory classification are class B (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.96, I2=87.2%) and class II (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.36-2.04, I2=72.4%). Class A (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45-0.81, I2=87.1%) and class I (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.71, I2=89.4%) act as protective factors for angle fracture. The results suggest that the presence of the third molar increases the chance of angle fracture by 3.27 times and that the most favourable positions of the third molar for angle fracture are classes B and II, whilst classes A and I act as protective factors.