ABSTRACT
The risk of transmitting infectious agents through homologous blood transfusions can't be completely eliminated. According to our present knowledge, the posttransfusion-hepatitis (PTH) type B has been overestimated till the end of the seventies. Concerning PTH type Non A Non B special serological diagnostic techniques are missing, but nevertheless, there are indications as well that the frequency of this transfusion side-effect is overrated. The occurrence of HIV-transmission through blood-transfusions is right now considered to be 1:10(6) to 1: (3 X 10(6)). Because of continuous improvement of the analysing methods, these results seem to be reasonable and are similar to those we found. To determine the influence of transfusions on the defense mechanism of tumor-patients further investigations are necessary, because the immunosuppressive effect of the individual blood components has to be rated differently.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/transmission , Transfusion Reaction , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
An enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was developed. The new test uses undiluted samples, incubated directly into an HBcAg coated well. Three alternative test procedures are possible. The stability of reagents was studied and a preclinical evaluation was performed intramurally. An assay correlation study was organised. We report the results of the external evaluation performed at 4 centres. A mean analytical sensitivity of 1.1, 1.2 and 0.36 PEI units/ml anti-HBc was found for procedure I (1 h/1 h/30 min), procedure II (30 min/30 min/30 min) and procedure III (16-20 h/1 h/30 min), respectively. In total, 5288 determinations on serum or plasma from various patients and healthy individuals were performed: 10% with procedure I, 52% with procedure II and 38% with procedure III. The qualitative (positive or negative) results were compared with those found with tests used routinely at the centres--47% with Corzyme (Abbott) and 53% with Corab (Abbott)--in a first screening. A final evaluation was made taking into account the repeatability of the results. Based on all results together, the agreement between the new EIA for anti-HBc and the routine tests was 97.6% at the first screening and increased to 99.0% after further evaluation.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Blood Donors , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/immunology , Humans , Predictive Value of TestsSubject(s)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Adult , Blood Donors , Carrier State/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Hepatitis B/immunology , Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , RadioimmunoassayABSTRACT
HLA-typing was performed in 103 patients with moderate or severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Statistical analysis showed an association between HLA antigen B18 and Bw16 and the hearing deficit. A highly significant association was found between HLA antigen Bw16 and a hereditary bilateral moderate or severe sensorineural hearing loss.
Subject(s)
Deafness/genetics , HLA Antigens/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Gene Frequency , Homozygote , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Blood Preservation/methods , Blood Transfusion , Blood Banks , Blood Platelets , Cell Survival , Erythrocytes , Granulocytes , Humans , Leukapheresis , PlasmaSubject(s)
Blood Group Antigens , Sex Factors , Female , Gene Frequency , Germany, West , Humans , Male , Phenotype , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
HBSAg was demonstrated radioimmunologically in cerebrospinal fluid in 7 out of 11 seropositive children with acute viral hepatitis B (1/2), fulminant viral hepatitis (0/1), chronic active hepatitis (2/4), chronic persistent hepatitis (1/1), cirrhosis (1/1), and asymptomatic carrier status (2/2). Counterelectrophoresis and complement fixation test lacked the necessary sensitivity to detect the antigen even in patients with high serum concentrations. The pass over of the cerebrospinal barrier appears to be dependent of the serum titer. Some neurologic symptoms in the early stage of acute viral hepatitis are probably connected with the appearance of HBSAg in cerebrospinal fluid. It is however unlikely that central-nervous-system dysfunctions observed in association with fulminant viral hepatitis and coma result from a direct effect of HBSAg or hepatitis B-virus. In chronic carriers the cerebrospinal fluid probably contains the antigen more frequent. The cerebrospinal fluid of HBSAg-positive patients has to be regarded as an infectious agent.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis A/cerebrospinal fluid , Hepatitis B Antigens/cerebrospinal fluid , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Blood-Brain Barrier , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Female , Hepatitis B/immunology , Hepatitis B virus , Humans , Infant , Liver Cirrhosis/immunology , Male , RadioimmunoassayABSTRACT
On a sample of N equals 169 nonrelated blood donors from Libya several blood group, serum protein group and enzyme frequencies are within the range of those of other Caucasoid populations. However, the frequencies of cDe, Jk-a, Fy-c, Hp-1, Gc-1, aP-b and AK-1 show some greater differences and seem to indicate certain Negroid influence on the genetic composition of our Libyan sample. This assumption is conceivable considering the racial history of Libya.
