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1.
J Appl Microbiol ; 129(6): 1674-1683, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32538519

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a sporulating, acidophilic bacterial species which spoils acidic beverages such as fruit juices. This work aims to quantify the heat resistance of A. acidoterrestris spores and their recovery potential as a function of heating and recovery media pH. METHODS AND RESULTS: The heat treatments were carried out with the strain of A. acidoterrestris Ad 746 in Bacillus acidoterrestris thermophilic medium. The pH of the heating medium from pH 7 to pH 2 nonsignificantly reduced the heat resistance. However, the pH levels of the recovery media strongly affected the apparent heat resistance of this strain. The maximum heat resistance was found when the pH was 4·70 and decreased when the pH decreased to pH 2·8, close to the minimum growth pH and when the recovery medium pH increased to pH 5·3. CONCLUSION: The heating medium pH has a slight effect on the spore heat resistances of this acidophilic species. However, the pH of the recovery media strongly affected the apparent heat resistance of this strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The obtained parameters quantifying the heat resistance of A. acidoterrestris spores are tools to optimize the heat treatments and to control its development.


Subject(s)
Alicyclobacillus/drug effects , Culture Media/pharmacology , Thermotolerance/drug effects , Alicyclobacillus/physiology , Beverages/microbiology , Culture Media/chemistry , Food Microbiology , Heating , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Spores, Bacterial/physiology , Thermotolerance/physiology
2.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci ; 372(2008): 20120035, 2014 Feb 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24379425

ABSTRACT

Recent advances in the cataloguing of three-dimensional nets mean a systematic search for framework structures with specific properties is now feasible. Theoretical arguments about the elastic deformation of frameworks suggest characteristics of mechanically isotropic networks. We explore these concepts on both isotropic and anisotropic networks by manufacturing porous elastomers with three different periodic net geometries. The blocks of patterned elastomers are subjected to a range of mechanical tests to determine the dependence of elastic moduli on geometric and topological parameters. We report results from axial compression experiments, three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography imaging and image-based finite-element simulations of elastic properties of framework-patterned elastomers.

3.
Neuropharmacology ; 62(7): 2346-52, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22369784

ABSTRACT

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. The pathology is mimicked to a striking degree in transgenic mice carrying familial ALS-linked SOD1 gene mutations. Olesoxime (TRO19622), a novel neuroprotective and reparative compound identified in a high-throughput screen based on motoneuron (MN) survival, delays disease onset and improves survival in mutant SOD1(G93A) mice, a model for ALS. The present study further analyses the cellular basis for the protection provided by olesoxime at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and the spinal cord. Studies were carried out at two disease stages, 60 days, presymptomatic and 104 days, symptomatic. Cohorts of wild type and SOD1(G93A) mice were randomized to receive olesoxime-charged food pellets or normal diet from day 21 onward. Analysis showed that olesoxime initially reduced denervation from 60 to 30% compared to SOD1(G93A) mice fed with control food pellets while at the symptomatic stage only a few NMJs were still preserved. Immunostaining of cryostat sections of the lumbar spinal cord with VAChT to visualize MNs, GFAP for astrocytes and Iba1 for microglial cells showed that olesoxime strongly reduced astrogliosis and microglial activation and prevented MN loss. These studies suggest that olesoxime exerts its protective effect on multiple cell types implicated in the disease process in SOD1(G93A) mice, slowing down muscle denervation, astrogliosis, microglial activation and MN death. A Phase 3 clinical study in ALS patients will determine whether olesoxime could be beneficial for the treatment of ALS.


Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy , Cholestenones/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Gliosis/drug therapy , Microglia/drug effects , Motor Neurons/drug effects , Muscle Denervation , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Animals , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Death/physiology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell Survival/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Cholestenones/pharmacology , Gliosis/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Microglia/metabolism , Motor Neurons/pathology
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