Tendencias investigativas de enfermería en personas con cáncer / Nursing Research Trends about People with Cancer

Introducción: El cáncer es una enfermedad prevalente en Latinoamérica. Los profesionales de enfermería deben reconocer las prioridades y desarrollos relacionados con la investigación en torno al cuidado de la persona con cáncer. Objetivo: Describir las tendencias investigativas de enfermería en personas con cáncer de estudios publicados en las 10 mejores revistas de investigación en Enfermería en Latinoamérica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura tipo exploratoria. Se buscó información en las 10 mejores revistas clasificadas en Scimago Journal & Country rank para 2020, organizadas en los cuartiles Q1 a Q4, durante el período 2016-2020 usando los términos cancer patients, oncology patient, patients with cancer, cancer. Se seleccionaron 67 investigaciones después de hacerse el proceso de crítica de la evidencia. De la revisión emergieron los siguientes temas: significado de la experiencia del proceso de enfermedad y tratamiento, calidad de vida de la persona con cáncer en Latinoamérica, impacto del cáncer sobre la dimensión física y psicosocial, afrontamiento ante la enfermedad y percepción de la atención del cuidado de enfermería. Conclusiones: Los estudios analizados evidenciaron dos principales tendencias en investigación de enfermería en Latinoamérica relacionadas con el tipo de cáncer y el fenómeno de investigación(AU)

Introduction: Cancer is a prevalent disease in Latin America. Nursing professionals must recognize the priorities and developments related to research about the care of the person with cancer. Objective: To describe the research trends in nursing about people with cancer, based on studies published in the top ten nursing journals from Latin America. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was carried out. Information was sought in the top ten journals according to the Scimago Journal & Country rank for 2020, organized in the quartiles Q1 to Q4, during the period 2016-2020. The terms cancer patients, oncology patient, patients with cancer, cancer were used. Sixty-seven research papers were selected after the evidence critique process was done. The following topics emerged from the review: meaning of the experience of the disease and treatment process, quality of life of the person with cancer in Latin America, impact of cancer on the physical and psychosocial dimension, coping with the disease, and nursing care perception. Conclusions: The analyzed studies showed two main trends in nursing research in Latin America related to type of cancer and the research phenomenon(AU)

Eficacia de la intervención “Cuidadores PaliActivos” en personas cuidadoras de pacientes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos / Efficacy of the “Cuidadores PaliActivos” (“PaliActive Caregivers”) intervention in caregivers for patients with cancer on palliative care

Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la intervención educativa de Enfermería “Cuidadores PaliActivos” en la mejora de la calidad de vida, la adopción del rol y el aumento de la percepción de soporte social de personas cuidadoras familiares de pacientes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos en un hospital de alta complejidad en Medellín, Colombia. Método: proyecto de ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado que se realizará durante el año 2022. Se incluirán personas adultas cuidadoras de pacientes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos con más de tres meses de expectativa vital (tamaño muestral n= 151). Se efectuará una aleatorización 1:1. El grupo experimental recibirá dos sesiones individuales con cartilla educativa y aplicación móvil de apoyo (15 y 75 mín. aprox.). El grupo control educación grupal (2 h) y encuentro individual (25 min). Se medirán variables sociodemográficas, calidad de vida, adopción del rol y percepción de soporte social, antes de la intervención, a la semana y a los dos meses. Se realizarán comparaciones intra e intergrupos. Conclusiones: se espera demostrar la eficacia de la intervención de Enfermería “Cuidadores PaliActivos” en las variables estudiadas y de esta manera aportar una herramienta que pueda ser útil para mejorar la atención de personas cuidadoras.(AU)

Objective: to determine the effect of the educational Nursing intervention “Cuidadores PaliActivos” (“PaliActive Caregivers”) on the improvement of quality of life, role adoption and perception of social support among caregiver relatives of patients with cancer on palliative care in a high-complexity hospital from Medellín, Colombia. Method: a project for a controlled and randomized clinical trial to be conducted during 2022. The study will include adult persons who are caregivers for patients with cancer on palliative care with over three months of life expectancy (sample size n= 151). There will be 1:1 randomization. The experimental arm will receive two individual sessions with educational booklet and mobile application for support (15 and 75 minutes approximately). The control arm will receive group education (2 hours) and individual meeting (25 minutes). Sociodemographic variables will be measured, as well as quality of life, role adoption and perception of social support, before the intervention, at one week and at two months. Intra and inter-arm comparisons will be conducted. Conclusions: it is expected that the efficacy of the “Cuidadores PaliActivos” (“PaliActive Caregivers”) Nursing intervention will be demonstrated in the variables studied; and thus, a tool will be provided that can be useful to improve the care of caregivers.(AU)

Validation of the Latin American-Spanish version of the scale 'Quality of Life in Life-Threatening Illness-Family Caregiver Version' (QOLLTI-F).

Measuring the quality of life in family caregivers of people in palliative care is essential to document the impact of care on the caregiver. This study aimed to adapt and validate a Latin American-Spanish version of the QOLLTI-F scale in family caregivers of palliative care patients. This study was conducted between May and November 2019 in Medellin, Colombia. We develop three phases: translation and semantic adaptation (n = 17), face and content validity (n = 21), construct validity, internal consistency (n = 208) and test-retest reliability (n = 35). Main family caregivers of stage-IV cancer patients receiving palliative treatment, participated. In the translation and semantic adaptation, some items were adjusted following the caregivers' recommendations. In face validity, Fleiss' Kappa was over 0.65 for family caregivers. In content validity, Fleiss' Kappa ranged from 0.54 to 1 for experts. In construct validity, the original version seven-factor structure did not show appropriate model fit indices. The data revealed instead a new 3-factor structure related to (1) impact of care-giving, (2) social and healthcare interactions and (3) meaning of life. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83 for the overall scale. Test-retest reliability was 0.87 between measurements 1 and 2. This study found that The Latin American-Spanish version of the QOLLTI-F scale is an understandable, useful, and relevant tool for family caregivers of people with cancer receiving palliative care. Future research is needed to confirm the factor structure identified in this study.

Metodologías para la enseñanza de cuidados paliativos en estudiantes de áreas de la salud: revisión exploratoria / Methodologies for Teaching Palliative Care in Healthcare Students: An Exploratory Review / Metodologias de ensino de cuidados paliativos em estudantes da área da saúde: uma revisão exploratória

Introducción: la necesidad de la enseñanza de los cuidados paliativos a los profesionales de la salud es cada vez más imperante en el mundo y en Latinoamérica. Los educadores deben reconocer los avances para la enseñanza de los cuidados paliativos a través de nuevas formas de aprendizaje. Objetivo: caracterizar las metodologías, contenidos y efectos de la enseñanza del cuidado paliativo en estudiantes del área de la salud en literatura publicada entre los años 2016 y 2020. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de literatura tipo scoping review.Se revisaron artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en las bases de datos Medline, Cuiden, Lilacs, CINAHL durante el periodo 2016-2020 en inglés, español y portugués. Se seleccionaron 25 investigaciones luego de realizar el proceso de crítica de la evidencia. Resultados: los estudios incluidos fueron en su mayoría realizados con metodologías cuantitativas, en Estados Unidos y con poblaciones de estudiantes de enfermería. La información extraída de los artículos se organizó en cuatro temas: 1) cursos educativos en cuidado paliativo, 2) estrategias de simulación, 3) conocimientos en cuidados paliativos de los estudiantes, y 4) actitudes y emociones de los estudiantes ante los cuidados paliativos. Conclusiones: las estrategias encontradas para enseñar los cuidados paliativos incluyen cursos completamente virtuales o en multimodalidad y simulación clínica o en laboratorios. En general, la evidencia muestra el interés que existe por parte de los estudiantes para recibir este tipo de curso y la importancia que tienen en su desarrollo profesional.

Introduction: The need to teach palliative care to health professionals is increasingly prevalent in the world and in Latin America. Educators must recognize advances in the teaching of palliative care through new ways of learning. Objective: Characterize methodologies, contents and effects of teaching of palliative care in health students in literature published between 2016 and 2020. Methods: A scoping review was carried out o articles published in journals indexed in the databases Medline, Cuiden, Lilacs, CINAHL during the period 2016-2020 in English, Spanish and Portuguese. 25 manuscripts were selected after doing the evidence critique process. Results: The studies included were mostly carried out with quantitative methodologies, in the United States and with populations of nursing students. The information extracted from the articles was organized into four themes: 1) educational courses in palliative care, 2) simulation strategies, 3) students' knowledge of palliative care, and 4) students' attitudes and emotions towards palliative care. Conclusions: The strategies found to teach palliative care include completely virtual or multimodality courses and clinical simulation, or in laboratories. In general, the evidence shows the interest that exists on the part of the students to receive this type of course and the importance that they have in their professional development.

Introdução: a necessidade de ensinar cuidados paliativos aos profissionais de saúde é cada vez mais prevalente no mundo e na América Latina. Os educadores devem reconhecer os avanços no ensino dos cuidados paliativos por meio de novas formas de aprendizagem. Objetivo: caracterizar as metodologias, conteúdos e efeitos do ensino de cuidados paliativos em estudantes da área da saúde na literatura publicada entre os anos de 2016 a 2020. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão da literatura do tipo scoping review. Foram revisados artigos publicados em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados Medline, Cuiden, Lilacs, CINAHL no período 2016-2020 nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. 25 investigações foram selecionadas após fazer o processo de crítica de evidências. Resultados: os estudos incluídos foram em sua maioria realizados com metodologias quantitativas, nos Estados Unidos e com populações de estudantes de enfermagem. As informações extraídas dos artigos foram organizadas em quatro temas: 1) cursos educativos em cuidados paliativos, 2) estratégias de simulação, 3) conhecimento dos alunos sobre cuidados paliativos, e 4) atitudes e emoções dos alunos em relação aos cuidados paliativos. Conclusões: as estratégias encontradas para ensinar cuidados paliativos incluem cursos totalmente virtuais ou multimodalidade e simulação clínica ou em importancia. Em geral, as evidências mostram o interesse que existe por parte dos alunos em receber esse tipo de curso e a importancia que eles têm em seu desenvolvimento profissional.