ABSTRACT
Neuroanatomical findings in the anterior limbic network in bipolar disorder (BD) adults have not been replicated in other populations such as bipolar offspring (BO). The aim of this study was to compare some brain areas volumes between BO with and without a lifetime affective disorder (AD) to a group of community control offspring (CCO). Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was carried out, with multiple comparison groups. Seven subjects (11-17 years old) from the BO with AD group were compared to seven subjects from the BO without AD group and seven subjects from the CCO group (match by age, gender and Tanner stage). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a Philips 3 Teslas device and volumetric segmentation was performed with the Freesurfer image analysis suite. Results: A larger size was found in the right middle frontal rostral region in the BO with AD group compared to the other two groups (p = 0.041). A higher volume was also found in BO with AD group in the left pars opercularis (Cohen d = 0.63) and in the right cingulate isthmus (d = 0.53) when compared with BO without AD group, and in the right hippocampus (d = 0.53) when compared to CCO group. A smaller volume was found in the BO without AD group versus CCO group in the left anterior caudate (d = 0.6). The BO groups (with and without AD) compared to CCO have a higher volume in the right frontal pole (d = 0.52). These volumetric differences can be attributed to the condition of BO with AD.
Los hallazgos neuroanatómicos en la red límbica anterior en el trastorno bipolar (TB) en adultos no se han replicado en otras poblaciones, como en los hijos de pacientes con trastorno bipolar (HPTB). El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los volúmenes de áreas del cerebro entre HPTB, con y sin algún trastorno afectivo (TA) a lo largo de la vida, con un grupo de hijos de padres control de la comunidad (HPC). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con múltiples grupos de comparación. Siete sujetos (11-17 años) del grupo HPTB con TA se compararon con siete sujetos del grupo HPTB sin TA y siete sujetos del grupo HPC (pareados por edad, sexo y estadio Tanner). La resonancia magnética nuclear se realizó con un resonador Philips 3 Teslas y la segmentación volumétrica se realizó con el conjunto de análisis de imagen Freesurfer. Resultados: Se encontró un tamaño mayor en la región frontal rostral medial derecha en el grupo HPTB con TA en comparación con los otros dos grupos (p = 0.041). También se encontró un mayor volumen en el grupo HPTB con TA en el opérculo frontal izquierdo (Cohen d = 0, 63) y en el istmo del giro del cíngulo derecho (d = 0, 53) cuando se comparó con el grupo sin TA, y en el hipocampo derecho (d = 0, 53) en comparación con el grupo HPC. Se encontró un volumen más pequeño en el grupo HPTB sin TA versus grupo HPC en el caudado anterior izquierdo (d = 0, 6). Los grupos HPTB (con y sin TA) en comparación con HPC tienen un volumen mayor en el polo frontal derecho (d = 0.52). Estas diferencias volumétricas pueden atribuirse a la condición de HPTB con TA.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Literature reports show that bipolar offspring (BO) present with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Comparison between BO and control parent offspring (CPO) may help to identify which psychopathological findings are specific to this high-risk group. Objective: To compare the psychopathological characteristics between a group of BO type-I and a group of CPO, by identifying the presence of psychiatric disorders according the DSM-IV-TR. Methods: A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted with 127 offspring of parents with bipolar disorder type-I from the multimodal intervention programme (PRISMA) and with 150 CPO between 6 and 30 years of age. Subjects were evaluated with validated diagnostic interviews (K-SADS-PL and DIGS). Results: The BO group showed higher frequencies for bipolar disorder (prevalence ratio [PR] = 17.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.02-306.83), bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (PR = 23.07, 95% CI; 2.8-189.0, p = 0.0001), disorders due to psychoactive substance use (PR = 9.52,95% CI; 2.93-30.90), oppositional defiant disorder (PR = 4.10,95% CI; 1.70-9.89), posttraumatic stress disorder (PR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.30-11.66), disorder due to alcohol use (PR = 3.84, 95% CI; 1.28-11.48), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (PR = 2.26, 95% CI; 1.37-3.75), and major depressive disorder (PR = 2.25, 95% CI; 1.13-4.50). Statistically significant differences were also found in the CGAS and GAF functional scales, with lower scores for the BO group. Conclusion: These findings confirm previous literature reports showing that BO have higher rates of affective and non-affective psychiatric disorders than control subjects, and also a lower level of global functioning.
Resumen Introducción: Reportes en la literatura muestran que los Hijos de Padres con Trastorno Bipolar tipo I (HPTB) manifiestan un amplio rango de trastornos psiquiátricos. La comparación entre los HPTB y los Hijos de Padres Control (HPC) permite establecer cuáles hallazgos psicopatológicos son específicos de este grupo de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Comparar las características psicopatológicas entre un grupo de HPTB tipo I y un grupo de HPC, mediante la identificación de la presencia de trastornos psiquiátricos según el DSM-IV-TR. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, comparativo de corte transversal con 127 Hijos de Padres con TAB tipo I (HPTB-I) dentro de un programa de intervención multimodal (PRISMA) y 150 HPC, con edades entre los seis y 30 años. Los sujetos fueron evaluados con entrevistas diagnósticas validados (K-SADS-PL y DIGS). Resultados: El grupo de HPTB mostró mayor frecuencias de trastorno bipolar (Razón de Prevalencia [RP] = 17,70; Intervalo de Confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,02-306,83), trastorno bipolar no especificado (RP = 23,07, IC 95% 2,8 -189, p = 0.0001), trastorno por uso de sustancias psi-coactivas (RP = 9,52; IC 95%, 2,93-30,90), trastorno oposicionista desafiante (RP = 4,10; IC 95%, 1,70-9,89); trastorno de estrés postraumático (RP = 3,90; IC 95%, 1,30-11,66), trastorno por uso de alcohol (RP = 3,84; IC 95%, 1,2811,48), trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (RP = 2,26; IC 95%, 1,37-3,75) y trastorno depresivo mayor (RP = 2,25; IC 95%, 1,13-4,50). También se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las escalas de funcionalidad CGAS y GAF, con menor puntaje en el grupo de HPB. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos confirman reportes previos de la literatura que demuestran que los HPTB presentan mayores tasas de trastornos psiquiátricos afectivos y no afectivos, y una menor nivel de funcionalidad global, al ser comparados con sujetos controles de la comunidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Bipolar Disorder , Mental Disorders , Parents , Psychopathology , Child , PrevalenceABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Literature reports show that Bipolar Offspring (BO) present with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Comparison between BO and Control Parent Offspring (CPO) may help to identify which psychopathological findings are specific to this high-risk group. OBJECTIVE: To compare the psychopathological characteristics between a group of BO type-I and a group of CPO, by identifying the presence of psychiatric disorders according the DSM-IV-TR. METHODS: A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted with 127 offspring of parents with bipolar disorder type-I from the multimodal intervention program (PRISMA) and with 150 CPO between 6 and 30 years of age. Subjects were evaluated with validated diagnostic interviews (K-SADS-PL and DIGS). RESULTS: The BO group showed higher frequencies for bipolar disorder (Prevalence Ratio [PR]=17.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.02 - 306.83), bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (PR=23.07, 95% CI; 2.8 - 189.0, P=.0001), disorders due to psychoactive substance use (PR=9.52, 95% CI; 2.93 -30.90), oppositional defiant disorder (PR=4.10, 95% CI; 1.70 -9.89), posttraumatic stress disorder (PR=3.90, 95% CI 1.30 -11.66), disorder due to alcohol use (PR=3.84, 95% CI; 1.28 -11.48), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (PR=2.26, 95% CI; 1.37 -3.75), and major depressive disorder (PR=2.25, 95% CI; 1.13 -4.50). Statistically significant differences were also found in the CGAS and GAF functional scales, with lower scores for the BO group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm previous literature reports showing that BO have higher rates of affective and non-affective psychiatric disorders than control subjects, and also a lower level of global functioning.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology , Child of Impaired Parents/psychology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Young AdultABSTRACT
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems (ICD) integrate the diagnostic criteria commonly used in psychiatric practice, but the DSM-IV-TR was insufficient for current clinical work. The DSM-5 was first made public in May at the Congress of the American Psychiatric Association, and it includes changes to some aspects of Child Psychiatry, as many of the conditions that were at the beginning in chapter of infancy, childhood and adolescence disorders have been transferred to other chapters and there are new diagnostic criteria or new terms are added. It is therefore important to provide it to Psychiatrists who attend children in order to assess the changes they will be facing in the nomenclature and classification in pursuit of a better classification of the childhood psychopathology.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Child , Child Psychiatry , HumansABSTRACT
El Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM) y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE) integran los criterios diagnósticos comúnmente utilizados en la práctica psiquiátrica, pero debido a que el DSM-IV-TR era insuficiente para el trabajo clínico actual, el Congreso de la Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana ha hecho público el DSM5, que incluye modificaciones a algunos aspectos de la psiquiatría infantil, ya que muchos de los trastornos que estaban en el capítulo de alteraciones de comienzo en la infancia, la niñez y la adolescencia pasan a otros capítulos, se añaden nuevos criterios diagnósticos o se introducen nuevos términos, de modo que resulta muy importante dar a conocer a los psiquiatras que evalúan a niños los cambios en la nomenclatura y la clasificación a los que se verán enfrentados.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems (ICD) integrate the diagnostic criteria commonly used in psychiatric practice, but the DSM-IV-TR was insufficient for current clinical work. The DSM-5 was first made public in May at the Congress of the American Psychiatric Association, and it includes changes to some aspects of Child Psychiatry, as many of the conditions that were at the beginning in chapter of infancy, childhood and adolescence disorders have been transferred to other chapters and there are new diagnostic criteria or new terms are added. It is therefore important to provide it to Psychiatrists who attend children in order to assess the changes they will be facing in the nomenclature and classification in pursuit of a better classification of the childhood psychopathology.
