A systematic review of assessment instruments for linguistic precursors during child development, ages 6 to 18 months.

Linguistic precursors (gaze, joint attention, gestures, social interaction, etc.) have a predictive value over the course of child development. The aim of the present review is to analyze the content structure, and the theoretical perspective, of assessment instruments that focus on linguistic precursors for the 6-18-month age group. The search was achieved through the following citation databases: BVS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Web of Science, Google Scholar, as well as the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Elegible articles were obtained using the following terms: "neuropsychological tests," "nonverbal communication," "child language" and "infant" as well as their equivalents in Spanish and Portuguese. Twenty-six assessment instruments were found to be compatible with the eligibility criteria. From the results, 19 instruments explore various domains of linguistic precursors, while 7 are task-specific proposals. Five instruments are aimed at early detection of signs of Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The implementation of Bruner's model of communicative functions was found on 15% of the instruments. This article provides timely information for clinicians who work with children during early stages of development, in relation to the methodical monitoring, assessment and accompaniment of infants and toddlers during the prelinguistic stage.

The benefits of role play in the development of drawing in preschool children.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the benefits of role play based on a Historical-Cultural perspective with the implementation of symbolic elements generated by the development of drawing of preschool children from suburban origin in a group of normal Mexican preschool children. We predict that the quality of the drawings will be improved after the preschoolers participate in such a role play program. Methods: A pre-experimental study was carried out, with pre-test and post-test assessments. The drawings were assessed with quantitative (frequencies of the quality of the parameters) and qualitative (characteristics of the children's drawings) methods. The role play program was based on Elkonin's method, activity theory, and P. Ya Galperin's formation by stages of mental actions. The program encouraged the use of graphic signs and symbols, with the intention of representing situations, actions, objects, and/or contents. Twenty-six preschool children participated in our study. Results: To know the effect of the role play program with symbolic elements on the drawing of preschool children, we performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis, a Wilcoxon test contrast between the initial and final assessment. Both analyses showed a significant increase in the scores in all the tasks with a medium-large effect size, being the largest "Pictograms" and "Drawing of the route"; and in the analysis of the qualitative parameters, specifically in "Maintains the objective," a significant increase was found in all the tasks. Discussion: Role play, being the main activity in preschool age, develops all aspects of the child's psychic life. The importance of role play in a preschool child makes it possible to work in the zone of proximal development with the regulatory function of language, with the planning, execution, and control of playful activity and, most importantly, with the use of various materials and perceptual-graphics tools. These findings showed an improvement in the development and complexity of the symbolic function in the drawings. Conclusion: Role play, as a work methodology in preschool age, leads to the use of new meaning systems that prepare the child to carry out present and future complex symbolic actions.

Stem Cells: Importance of Elucidating a Stem Cell Laboratory.

Stem cells, which were initially elucidated in the 1960s, are characterized by their ability to continuously renew themselves to differentiate into multiple cellular types. For this reason, they remain the subject of intensive research, for their potential to treat certain diseases. In craniofacial surgery, tissue engineering using stem cells can be employed in various techniques. These include 3D printing, which has the potential to regenerate dental, oral, and craniofacial structures, once lost to congenital anomalies, trauma and other diseases like cancer. With the growing battery of information about stem cells and their potential translation from research to clinical practice, it is important to outline what is the basic layout of a stem cell research facility.

Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi strains circulating in Córdoba department (Colombia) isolated from triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) collected by the community. / Detección y caracterización molecular de cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi aisladas de triatominos recolectados por la comunidad en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia

INTRODUCTION: From 2011 to 2016, 24 cases of Chagas disease were reported in Córdoba according to the national public health surveillance system (Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Sivigila), but the information regarding Trypanosoma cruzi circulating strains and infection rates are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To establish the triatomine species with which people come in contact and recognize as Chagas disease vectors, as well as to assess the infection with trypanosomes and make an exploratory approach to host feeding preferences with the participation of the local community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Triatomines sampling was conducted in 12 municipalities between 2011 and 2016; T. cruzi infection was established by k-PCR, SAT-PCR, while strain genotyping was done by mini-exon and SL-IR (spliced-leader intergenic region) sequence characterization. We also screened for blood sources. RESULTS: Local community members collected the majority of triatomines and we identified three species: Rhodnius pallescens, Panstrongylus geniculatus, and Eratyrus cuspidatus. The overall T. cruzi infection rate in collected triatomines was 66.6% and we detected the TcIDOM and TcI sylvatic strains. Community-based insect collection allowed reporting the presence of P. geniculatus in two new disperse rural settlements, T. cruzi infection of P. geniculatus in Córdoba, and the first report of triatomines infected with T. cruzi in Montería municipality. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed the presence of triatomines infected with T. cruzi inside dwellings in five municipalities of Córdoba. The dominant circulating T. cruzi strain was TcIDOM, a genotype associated with human Chagas disease and cardiomyopathies in Colombia. Our results highlight the importance of local community participation in entomological surveillance tasks.

Introducción. Entre el 2011 y el 2016, se reportaron 24 casos de enfermedad de Chagas en Córdoba, según el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila), pero la información sobre las unidades discretas de tipificación de Trypanosoma cruzi circulantes y las tasas de infección se desconoce. Objetivos. Identificar las especies de triatominos con las cuales las personas entran en contacto y que reconocen como vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas, así como establecer la infección por tripanosomas y explorar posibles fuentes de alimentación de los triatominos con la participación de la comunidad. Materiales y métodos. El muestreo de triatominos se hizo en 12 municipios entre el 2011 y el 2016. T. cruzi se detectó mediante las técnicas de kinetic-polymerase chain reaction (k-PCR) y serial amplification of targets-polymerase chain reaction (SAT-PCR), en tanto que la genotipificación de las cepas se logró mediante la caracterización de secuencias de genes miniexon y de la región intergénica SL-IR (Spliced-Leader Intergenic Region). Se evaluaron, asimismo, las fuentes de alimento. Resultados. La mayoría de los triatominos fue recolectada por miembros de la comunidad y se identificaron tres especies: Rhodnius pallescens, Panstrongylus geniculatus y Eratyrus cuspidatus. La tasa de infección general por T. cruzi fue de 66,6 % y se detectaron las cepas TcIDOM y TcI sylvatic. La participación de la comunidad permitió reportar la presencia de P. geniculatus en dos nuevas localidades, la infección con T. cruzi de P. geniculatus en Córdoba y reportar por primera vez triatominos infectados con T. cruzi en Montería. Conclusiones. Se demostró la presencia de triatominos infectados con T. cruzi dentro de las viviendas en cinco municipalidades. La cepa circulante dominante fue T. cruzi TcIDOM, asociada con la enfermedad de Chagas y con cardiomiopatías en Colombia. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de vincular a miembros de la comunidad en la vigilancia entomológica.

Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi strains circulating in Córdoba department (Colombia) isolated from triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) collected by the community / Detección y caracterización molecular de cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi aisladas de triatominos recolectados por la comunidad en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: From 2011 to 2016, 24 cases of Chagas disease were reported in Córdoba according to the national public health surveillance system (Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Sivigila), but the information regarding Trypanosoma cruzi circulating strains and infection rates are unknown. Objectives: To establish the triatomine species with which people come in contact and recognize as Chagas disease vectors, as well as to assess the infection with trypanosomes and make an exploratory approach to host feeding preferences with the participation of the local community. Materials and methods: Triatomines sampling was conducted in 12 municipalities between 2011 and 2016; T. cruzi infection was established by k-PCR, SAT-PCR, while strain genotyping was done by mini-exon and SL-IR (spliced-leader intergenic region) sequence characterization. We also screened for blood sources. Results: Local community members collected the majority of triatomines and we identified three species: Rhodnius pallescens, Panstrongylus geniculatus, and Eratyrus cuspidatus. The overall T. cruzi infection rate in collected triatomines was 66.6% and we detected the TcIDOM and TcI sylvatic strains. Community-based insect collection allowed reporting the presence of P. geniculatus in two new disperse rural settlements, T. cruzi infection of P. geniculatus in Córdoba, and the first report of triatomines infected with T. cruzi in Montería municipality. Conclusions: These results revealed the presence of triatomines infected with T. cruzi inside dwellings in five municipalities of Córdoba. The dominant circulating T. cruzi strain was TcIDOM, a genotype associated with human Chagas disease and cardiomyopathies in Colombia. Our results highlight the importance of local community participation in entomological surveillance tasks.

Resumen Introducción. Entre el 2011 y el 2016, se reportaron 24 casos de enfermedad de Chagas en Córdoba, según el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila), pero la información sobre las unidades discretas de tipificación de Trypanosoma cruzi circulantes y las tasas de infección se desconoce. Objetivos. Identificar las especies de triatominos con las cuales las personas entran en contacto y que reconocen como vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas, así como establecer la infección por tripanosomas y explorar posibles fuentes de alimentación de los triatominos con la participación de la comunidad. Materiales y métodos. El muestreo de triatominos se hizo en 12 municipios entre el 2011 y el 2016. T. cruzi se detectó mediante las técnicas de kinetic-polymerase chain reaction (k-PCR) y serial amplification of targets-polymerase chain reaction (SAT-PCR), en tanto que la genotipificación de las cepas se logró mediante la caracterización de secuencias de genes miniexon y de la región intergénica SL-IR (Spliced-Leader Intergenic Region). Se evaluaron, asimismo, las fuentes de alimento. Resultados. La mayoría de los triatominos fue recolectada por miembros de la comunidad y se identificaron tres especies: Rhodnius pallescens, Panstrongylus geniculatus y Eratyrus cuspidatus. La tasa de infección general por T. cruzi fue de 66,6 % y se detectaron las cepas TcIDOM y TcI sylvatic. La participación de la comunidad permitió reportar la presencia de P. geniculatus en dos nuevas localidades, la infección con T. cruzi de P. geniculatus en Córdoba y reportar por primera vez triatominos infectados con T. cruzi en Montería. Conclusiones. Se demostró la presencia de triatominos infectados con T. cruzi dentro de las viviendas en cinco municipalidades. La cepa circulante dominante fue T. cruzi TcIDOM, asociada con la enfermedad de Chagas y con cardiomiopatías en Colombia. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de vincular a miembros de la comunidad en la vigilancia entomológica.

Abordaje centrípeto en rinoplastia abierta / Open rhinoplasty approach centripetal

Se presenta la secuencia paso a paso del procedimiento quirúrgico que denominamos abordaje centrípeto en rinoplastia abierta. Se señala el sustento de esta propuesta, las variantes que lo diferencias de la forma cómo se realiza habitualmente la rinoplastia abierta en el mundo, así como también las ventajas que aporta para el paciente y para el cirujano.

Cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal en sinusitis crónica del adulto / Surgery endoscopica nasosinusal in chronic sinusitis of the adult

Con el objetivo de determinar el grado de mejoría clínica en pacientes con diagnóstico de sinusitis crónica sometidos a cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal, se realizó un estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo y prospectivo, observacional, no aleatorizado, en enfermos adultos atendidos en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Regional de Chimbote. Se estudiaron 18 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico clínico y tomográfico de sinusitis crónica, que fueron sometidos consecutivamente a cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal entre 1998 y 2000. Sus edades variaron dentro de un rango de 18 a 64 años, y todos tuvieron un seguimiento mínimo de 6 meses y máximo de 2 años. Se documentaron y evaluaron las 3 principales molestias preoperatorias referidas por los pacientes, y la permeabilidad nasal fue examinada endoscópicamente. Se encontró que los 18 pacientes a quiénes se realizó cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal tuvieron curación o mejoría clínica de su enfermedad y no se registró complicación alguna por causa del procedimiento. Por lo que se concluye que este tipo de cirugía es segura y consigue elevados porcentajes de éxito en los pacientes con sinusitis crónica.