Human Anatomy: Teaching-Learning Experience of a Support Teacher and a Student with Low Vision and Blindness.

In Brazil, a federal law ensures that all students with disabilities are entitled to enrollment in higher education institutions. Higher courses in human anatomy stand out for their complexity in both theoretical and practical contents. Therefore, adaptation is required to accommodate students with special educational needs. This study aimed to describe the experience of a Support Teacher in the development of inclusive pedagogical practices for the discipline of Human Anatomy offered in the physiotherapy course for a student with low vision and blindness. The challenges and learning difficulties faced by a visually impaired student are reported. Qualitative analysis was performed by interviewing a student with low vision and blindness and a Support Teacher. The audio recordings were transcribed, categorized, and analyzed using content analysis. The Support Teacher created schematics and drawings of anatomical structures, reviewed theoretical and practical contents, developed adaptations of the examinations, and applied palpatory anatomy to facilitate the student's learning process. The findings illustrate that the student faced the greatest difficulty in dealing with the emotional aspects, due to the inability to visualize the anatomical details in human cadavers. Thus, the presence of a Support Teacher was fundamental to ensure that the student could learn the content and overcome this limitation. In conclusion, personalized adaptation, commitment, and collaborative work between the Support Teacher and students with low vision and blindness improve their learning conditions.

Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Neonates Born to Mothers with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuously affecting the lives of all people. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy in terms of morbidity, mortality, and perinatal maternal and fetal outcomes is essential to propose strategies for prevention and infection control. Here, we conducted a systematic review to investigate pregnant women infected with COVID-19 in terms of signs and symptoms, type of delivery, comorbidities, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and the possibility of vertical transmission. A search on Embase and PubMed databases was performed on 31 October 2020. Observational studies and case reports on pregnant women infected with COVID-19 were included without language restrictions. The 70 selected studies included a total of 1457 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. The most common signs and symptoms were fever, cough, and nausea. The most frequent comorbidities were obesity, hypertensive disorders, and gestational diabetes. Among maternal and fetal outcomes, premature birth (n = 64), maternal death (n = 15), intrauterine fetal death or neonatal death (n = 16), cases of intrauterine fetal distress (n = 28), miscarriage (n = 7), decreased fetal movements (n = 19), and severe neonatal asphyxia (n = 5) were the most frequent. Thirty-nine newborns tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in the placenta (n = 13) and breast milk (n = 6). This review indicates that COVID-19 during pregnancy can result in maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 viral exposure of neonates during pregnancy and delivery cannot be ruled out. Thus, we highlight the need for long-term follow-up of newborns from mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 to establish the full implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these children.

Effects of auriculotherapy on weight and body mass index reduction in patients with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Auriculotherapy is based on the stimulation of reflex points in the ear. However, little is known about its weight-reducing effects. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of auriculotherapy on weight and/or (BMI) reduction in overweight or patients with obesity. METHODS: Twelve articles were selected for systematic review. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating weight reduction and five investigating BMI reduction were selected for the meta-analyzes. RESULTS: The results revealed an association between auriculotherapy and weight reduction (WMD, 1.507; 95% CI, 0.606-2.407; p < 0.000). Auriculotherapy was also significantly associated with BMI reduction (WMD, 0.865; 95% CI, 0.533-1.196; p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: We found that auriculotherapy was effective in reducing weight and/or BMI in overweight or patients with obesity. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity.

[Sexual function in women undergoing assisted reproduction.] / Função sexual de mulheres submetidas à reprodução assistida.

PURPOSE: To evaluate sexual function in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. METHODS: This is a case-control study including 278 women assisted in Human Reproduction services and at the Gynecology Clinic of the University Hospital, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. The women were divided into a study group (168 infertile women) and a control group (110 fertile women), and they answered the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire used the assess the sexual function. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the chance of sexual dysfunction in infertile women (p<0.05). RESULTS: Out of the analyzed women, 33.09% reported sexual dysfunction, with no difference in the FSFI score between groups (p=0.29). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was of 36.30% among infertile women and 28.18% among fertile women; however, there was no difference between FSFI scores (p=0.36). The desire and arousal domains were significantly different among infertile women (p=0.01). Infertile women had the same chances of having sexual dysfunction as fertile women (OR=1.4, 95%CI 0.8-2.4; p=0.2). CONCLUSION: There were no differences between infertile and fertile women. Infertile women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques require professional approach to sexual health regarding desire and arousal.

Função sexual de mulheres submetidas à reprodução assistida / Sexual function in women undergoing assisted reproduction

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função sexual de mulheres submetidas a técnicas de reprodução assistida. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle com 278 mulheres atendidas no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás nos serviços de Reprodução Humana e no Ambulatório de Ginecologia. As mulheres foram distribuídas em grupo caso (168 mulheres inférteis) e grupo controle (110 mulheres férteis), e responderam ao questionário Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (IFSF) para avaliação da função sexual. Calculou-se a odds ratio (OR) para a chance de disfunção sexual nas mulheres inférteis (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Do total de mulheres analisadas, 33,09% apresentaram disfunção sexual e não houve diferença no escore do IFSF (p=0,29). A prevalência de disfunção sexual entre as mulheres inférteis foi de 36,30%, e entre as férteis, 28,18%; contudo, não houve diferença entre os escores do IFSF (p=0,36). Nos domínios desejo e excitação houve diferença significativa nas mulheres inférteis (p=0,01). Mulheres inférteis apresentam a mesma chance de disfunção sexual em relação às mulheres férteis (OR=1,4; IC95% 0,8–2,4; p=0,2). CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferenças entre as mulheres inférteis quando comparadas às férteis. Mulheres inférteis submetidas a técnicas de reprodução assistida carecem da abordagem profissional sobre a saúde sexual em relação ao desejo e à excitação. .

PURPOSE: To evaluate sexual function in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. METHODS: This is a case-control study including 278 women assisted in Human Reproduction services and at the Gynecology Clinic of the University Hospital, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. The women were divided into a study group (168 infertile women) and a control group (110 fertile women), and they answered the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire used the assess the sexual function. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the chance of sexual dysfunction in infertile women (p<0.05). RESULTS: Out of the analyzed women, 33.09% reported sexual dysfunction, with no difference in the FSFI score between groups (p=0.29). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was of 36.30% among infertile women and 28.18% among fertile women; however, there was no difference between FSFI scores (p=0.36). The desire and arousal domains were significantly different among infertile women (p=0.01). Infertile women had the same chances of having sexual dysfunction as fertile women (OR=1.4, 95%CI 0.8–2.4; p=0.2). CONCLUSION: There were no differences between infertile and fertile women. Infertile women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques require professional approach to sexual health regarding desire and arousal. .

[Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection: factors associated with infertility in women treated at a human reproduction public service]. / Infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae: fatores associados à infertilidade em mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de reprodução humana.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women undergoing assisted reproduction in a public reference service in the midwestern region of Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 women aged from 20 to 47 years with a history of infertility, undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae identified in urine specimens by PCR, and the profile of infertility were analyzed. We used the χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test to evaluate the association between infection and variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 10.9%, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-infection was observed in 2 cases. Women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis had more than 10 years of infertility (54.1%; p<0.0001). The tubal factor was the main cause in infected cases (56.8%; p=0.047). Tubal occlusion was found in 67.6% of cases with positive infection (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: There was an association of tubal obstruction with infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, reinforcing the need for effective strategies for an early detection of sexually transmitted diseases, especially in asymptomatic women of childbearing age.

Infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae: fatores associados à infertilidade em mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de reprodução humana / Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection: factors associated with infertility in women treated at a human reproduction public service

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae em mulheres submetidas à reprodução assistida em um serviço público de referência da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 340 mulheres com idade entre 20 e 47 anos, histórico de infertilidade, submetidas às técnicas de reprodução assistida. Foram analisadas as infecções por Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae detectadas em amostras de urina pela técnica de PCR e o perfil da infertilidade. Utilizou-se o teste do χ2 ou o teste exato de Fisher para avaliar a associação entre a infecção e as variáveis. RESULTADOS: Observou-se prevalência de 10,9% das mulheres com infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis, sendo que houve coinfecção por Neisseria gonorrhoeae em 2 casos. Mulheres infectadas por Chlamydia trachomatis apresentaram mais de 10 anos de infertilidade (54,1%; p<0,0001). O fator tubário foi a principal causa nos casos com infecção (56,8%; p=0,047). A obstrução tubária foi encontrada em 67,6% dos casos com infecção positiva (p=0,004). CONCLUSÃO: Houve associação da obstrução tubária com a infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias efetivas para detecção precoce das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, principalmente em mulheres assintomáticas em idade fértil. .

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women undergoing assisted reproduction in a public reference service in the midwestern region of Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 women aged from 20 to 47 years with a history of infertility, undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae identified in urine specimens by PCR, and the profile of infertility were analyzed. We used the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test to evaluate the association between infection and variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 10.9%, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-infection was observed in 2 cases. Women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis had more than 10 years of infertility (54.1%; p<0.0001). The tubal factor was the main cause in infected cases (56.8%; p=0.047). Tubal occlusion was found in 67.6% of cases with positive infection (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: There was an association of tubal obstruction with infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, reinforcing the need for effective strategies for an early detection of sexually transmitted diseases, especially in asymptomatic women of childbearing age. .

Causas genéticas para infertilidade masculina / Genetic causes for the male infertility

A infertilidade masculina não consiste em uma doença, mas sim em uma síndrome multifatorial que abrange uma grande variedade de desordens, que podem ser congênitas ou adquiridas. O fator masculino na infertilidade tem se tomado cada vez mais importante na investigação dos casais inférteis. Tal fato é representado por uma queda considerável na qualidade do sêmen de indivíduos saudáveis e jovens nos últimos anos. As condições mais frequentes associadas à infertilidade masculina podem ser classificadas em pré-testiculares onde as alterações ocorrem no sistema hormonal que impedem a produção de espermatozóides adequados; em testiculares quando doenças acometem o testículo e as pós-testiculares que abrangem problemas no sistema de duetos que transportam os gametas masculinos para o exterior. Um homem fértil pode se tomar ínfértil ou até mesmo estéril devido a problemas ocorridos ao longo da vida. Muitas causas têm sido atribuídas como fatores ambientais e genéticos, sendo este último responsável por cerca de 60% dos casos. Diferentes anormalidades genéticas têm sido identificadas, sendo que atualmente representam uma parte considerável deste problema.