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1.
Nutrients ; 7(5): 3449-63, 2015 May 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25970149

ABSTRACT

There is concern that egg intake may increase blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, we have previously shown that eggs reduce inflammation in patients at risk for T2DM, including obese subjects and those with metabolic syndrome. Thus, we hypothesized that egg intake would not alter plasma glucose in T2DM patients when compared to oatmeal intake. Our primary endpoints for this clinical intervention were plasma glucose and the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6). As secondary endpoints, we evaluated additional parameters of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemias, oxidative stress and inflammation. Twenty-nine subjects, 35-65 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values <9% were recruited and randomly allocated to consume isocaloric breakfasts containing either one egg/day or 40 g of oatmeal with 472 mL of lactose-free milk/day for five weeks. Following a three-week washout period, subjects were assigned to the alternate breakfast. At the end of each period, we measured all primary and secondary endpoints. Subjects completed four-day dietary recalls and one exercise questionnaire for each breakfast period. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, our primary endpoint, plasma lipids, lipoprotein size or subfraction concentrations, insulin, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B, oxidized LDL or C-reactive protein. However, after adjusting for gender, age and body mass index, aspartate amino-transferase (AST) (p < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p < 0.01), one of our primary endpoints were significantly reduced during the egg period. These results suggest that compared to an oatmeal-based breakfast, eggs do not have any detrimental effects on lipoprotein or glucose metabolism in T2DM. In contrast, eggs reduce AST and TNF-α in this population characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy , Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control , Diet, Diabetic , Eggs , Nutrition Policy , Adult , Aged , Avena/adverse effects , Breakfast , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/immunology , Cross-Over Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology , Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Angiopathies/immunology , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/immunology , Diet, Diabetic/adverse effects , Eggs/adverse effects , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Seeds/adverse effects , Single-Blind Method
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(2): 331-6, 2014 Feb 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24528349

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a national program of consumption of fortified milk "Liconsa" on the nutritional status of iron and zinc in pre-school children (3-5 y). The study was conducted in 77 healthy children of both genders. 54 of them consumed Liconsa fortified milk (GCLFL) and 23 consumed no fortified milk (GR). Iron status was determined by measuring hemoglobin and ferritin and zinc status by serum zinc. The consumption of milk was on free demand and it was estimated at baseline and 6 mo after. Through 24-h recall of measured consumption of iron and zinc in the total diet. Descriptive statistics, Student's t test for independent samples and chi-square test for differences in proportions. Children who consumed fortified milk showed an increase of hemoglobin and ferritin levels [1.13 g/dL (p < 0.05) and 5.83 µg/L (p < 0.05) respectively]. Additionally, a decrease was found of the prevalence of low iron stores from 20.4 to 4.1% (p < 0.05). The serum zinc level showed an increase of 45.2 µg/dL (p < 0.05). At the end of the study no child showed a micronutrient deficiency. Children who did not consume fortified milk Liconsa showed no significant change in their serum iron and zinc values. The average consumption of milk powder Liconsa was 22.7 ± 14.5 g, providing 2.5 mg of daily iron and zinc. Supplied diet 9.2 ± 3.4 mg of iron and 6.9 ± 3 mg of zinc. The consumption of fortified milk had a beneficial effect on the serum levels of iron and zinc in children's social welfare program Liconsa.


Introducción: Existen programas que buscan mejorar el estado nutricio de la población vulnerable mediante la fortificación de alimentos. En México, el programa de leche fortificada Liconsa está dirigido a familias de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del consumo de leche fortificada Liconsa en el estado de nutrición de hierro y zinc, en preescolares. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, conducido en colonias marginadas de Hermosillo, México. Participaron 77 niños sanos, de los cuales 54 consumieron leche fortificada Liconsa (GCLFL) y 23 conformaron el grupo de referencia (GR, consumo de leche fluida de vaca, no fortificada). El estado de hierro se midió a través de hemoglobina, ferritina, hierro sérico, capacidad total de fijación de hierro, saturación de transferrina; y zinc sérico. También se estimó el consumo de leche fortificada a libre demanda, en la etapa basal y después de 6 meses. Mediante dos recordatorios de 24 horas, no consecutivos, se midió el consumo de hierro y zinc en la dieta total. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, prueba t-student para muestras independientes y prueba de ji cuadrada para diferencias de proporciones. Resultados: Los niños que consumieron leche fortificada incrementaron sus niveles de hemoglobina (1,13 g/dL, p < 0,05) y ferritina (5,83 µg/L, p < 0,05). La prevalencia de bajas reservas de hierro disminuyó de 20,4% a 4,1% (p < 0,05) y el zinc sérico aumentó en 45,2 µg/dL (p < 0,05). En el grupo de referencia, no hubo cambios significativos. El promedio diario del consumo de leche fortificada Liconsa fue de 22,7 ± 14,5 g, que suministró 2,5 mg/d de hierro y zinc. La dieta aportó 9,2 ± 3,4 mg/d de hierro y 6,9 ± 3 mg/d de zinc. Conclusiones: El consumo de leche fortificada beneficia el estado bioquímico de hierro y zinc en los niños del programa de abasto social de Liconsa.


Subject(s)
Food, Fortified , Iron, Dietary/therapeutic use , Iron/blood , Milk , Zinc/blood , Zinc/therapeutic use , Animals , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage , Male
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(2): 331-336, 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-120591

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen programas que buscan mejorar el estado nutricio de la población vulnerable mediante la fortificación de alimentos. En México, el programa de leche fortificada Liconsa está dirigido a familias de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del consumo de leche fortificada Liconsa en el estado de nutrición de hierro y zinc, en preescolares. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, conducido en colonias marginadas de Hermosillo, México. Participaron 77 niños sanos, de los cuales 54 consumieron leche fortificada Liconsa (GCLFL) y 23 conformaron el grupo de referencia (GR, consumo de leche fluida de vaca, no fortificada). El estado de hierro se midió a través de hemoglobina, ferritina, hierro sérico, capacidad total de fijación de hierro, saturación de transferrina; y zinc sérico. También se estimó el consumo de leche fortificada a libre demanda, en la etapa basal y después de 6 meses. Mediante dos recordatorios de 24 horas, no consecutivos, se midió el consumo de hierro y zinc en la dieta total. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, prueba t-student para muestras independientes y prueba de ji cuadrada para diferencias de proporciones. Resultados: Los niños que consumieron leche fortificada incrementaron sus niveles de hemoglobina (1,13 g/dL, p < 0,05) y ferritina (5,83 μg/L, p < 0,05). La prevalencia de bajas reservas de hierro disminuyó de 20,4% a 4,1% (p < 0,05) y el zinc sérico aumentó en 45,2 μ/dL (p < 0,05). En el grupo de referencia, no hubo cambios significativos. El promedio diario del consumo de leche fortificada Liconsa fue de 22,7 ± 14,5 g, que suministró 2,5 mg/d de hierro y zinc. La dieta aportó 9,2 ± 3,4 mg/d de hierro y 6,9 ± 3 mg/d de zinc. Conclusiones: El consumo de leche fortificada beneficia el estado bioquímico de hierro y zinc en los niños del programa de abasto social de Liconsa (AU)


The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a national program of consumption of fortified milk "Liconsa" on the nutritional status of iron and zinc in pre-school children (3-5 y). The study was conducted in 77 healthy children of both genders. 54 of them consumed Liconsa fortified milk (GCLFL) and 23 consumed no fortified milk (GR). Iron status was determined by measuring hemoglobin and ferritin and zinc status by serum zinc. The consumption of milk was on free demand and it was estimated at baseline and 6 mo after. Through 24-h recall of measured consumption of iron and zinc in the total diet. Descriptive statistics, Student's t test for independent samples and chi-square test for differences in proportions. Children who consumed fortified milk showed an increase of hemoglobin and ferritin levels [1.13 g/dL (p < 0.05) and 5.83 μg/L (p < 0.05) respectively]. Additionally, a decrease was found of the prevalence of low iron stores from 20.4 to 4.1% (p < 0.05). The serum zinc level showed an increase of 45.2 μg/dL (p < 0.05). At the end of the study no child showed a micronutrient deficiency. Children who did not consume fortified milk Liconsa showed no significant change in their serum iron and zinc values. The average consumption of milk powder Liconsa was 22.7±14.5 g, providing 2.5 mg of daily iron and zinc. Supplied diet 9.2 ± 3.4 mg of iron and 6.9 ± 3 mg of zinc. The consumption of fortified milk had a beneficial effect on the serum levels of iron and zinc in children's social welfare program Liconsa (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Food, Fortified/analysis , Milk , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Iron/analysis , Zinc/analysis , Hemoglobins/analysis , Ferritins/blood , Impacts of Polution on Health/analysis , Body Composition
4.
Salud Publica Mex ; 47(2): 126-33, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15889638

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a School Breakfast Program on obesity and some cardiovascular risk factors in 6 to 10 year old schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental prospective study was conducted in 2002-2003, in 17 municipalities of Sonora State, Mexico. The intervention group consisted of 254 children participating in a School Breakfast Program (SBP group). The control group (NSBP group, n=106) included children who did not participate in the program. In both groups the body mass index for age (BMI/age) and body composition by electrical resistance using bioelectrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) were estimated at the beginning and at the end of a 9-month period. In a subgroup of 264 school-children (SBP and NSBP children), serum cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose were measured at the start and at the end of the program. RESULTS: The body mass index in the SBP and NSBP groups was not different at the start or at the end of the school period (p>0.05). The proportion of overweight and obese children and the percentage fat remained similar in both groups. However, the lean mass increased (p>0.05) at the end of the school period in both groups, and hence, cannot be attributed to the program. The biochemical parameters showed no change (p>0.05) in blood glucose, total serum cholesterol, and triglycerides in either group at the end of the school period. CONCLUSIONS: Study results showed no evidence of a negative effect of SBP in terms of risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disease.


Subject(s)
Eating , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/prevention & control , Program Evaluation , Body Composition , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Obesity/complications , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Schools
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 47(2): 126-133, mar.-abr. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-415209

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto de un programa de desayunos escolares sobre el desarrollo de obesidad y algunos indicadores bioquímicos de riesgo cardiovascular en niños. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Entre 2002 y 2003, en 17 municipios del estado de Sonora, México, se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal en 254 niños del Programa de Desayunos Escolares (PDE), evaluados al inicio y al final del ciclo escolar (nueve-meses) y comparados con un grupo control (sin PDE, n=106). Se utilizó el índice de masa corporal para la edad (IMC/edad) y se midió la composición corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica. En una submuestra de 264 niños (PDE y controles) se determinó colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucosa en ayuno. Se estimaron media y desviación estándar y diferencia de proporciones con ji cuadrada. RESULTADOS: El IMC en niños del PDE y sus controles no fue diferente al inicio y final del ciclo escolar (p> 0.05). Asimismo, el porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad no se modificó (p> 0.05) al final del Programa y el porcentaje de grasa corporal no mostró cambios (p> 0.05). Sin embargo, la masa corporal libre de grasa (MCLG) aumentó (p< 0.01) en los niños del PDE, pero también en los controles, por lo que este aumento no puede interpretarse como un efecto del Programa. Respecto a las variables bioquímicas no se encontraron diferencias (p> 0.05) en los valores séricos de glucosa, colesterol total y triglicéridos en niños PDE o en los controles. CONCLUSIONES: No hay evidencia de un efecto negativo sobre los niños del PDE en relación con factores de riesgo para obesidad y riesgo cardiovascular.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Eating , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/prevention & control , Program Evaluation , Body Composition , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Mexico , Obesity/complications , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Schools
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