Prevention of diabetes in overweight/obese children through a family based intervention program including supervised exercise (PREDIKID project): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The global pandemic of obesity has led to an increased risk for prediabetes and type-2 diabetes (T2D). The aims of the current project are: (1) to evaluate the effect of a 22-week family based intervention program, including supervised exercise, on insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) risk in children with a high risk of developing T2D and (2) to identify the profile of microRNA in circulating exosomes and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with a high risk of developing T2D and its response to a multidisciplinary intervention program including exercise. METHODS: A total of 84 children, aged 8-12 years, with a high risk of T2D will be included and randomly assigned to control (N = 42) or intervention (N = 42) groups. The control group will receive a family based lifestyle education and psycho-educational program (2 days/month), while the intervention group will attend the same lifestyle education and psycho-educational program plus the exercise program (3 days/week, 90 min per session including warm-up, moderate to vigorous aerobic activities, and strength exercises). The following measurements will be evaluated at baseline prior to randomization and after the intervention: fasting insulin, glucose and hemoglobin A1c; body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); ectopic fat (magnetic resonance imaging); microRNA expression in circulating exosomes and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MiSeq; Illumina); cardiorespiratory fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise testing); dietary habits and physical activity (accelerometry). DISCUSSION: Prevention and identification of children with a high risk of developing T2D could help to improve their cardiovascular health and to reduce the comorbidities associated with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03027726 . Registered on 16 January 2017.

Valoración mediante TC multidetector de las variantes anatómicas en las arterias coronarias / Anomalous coronary arteries: an evaluation with CT-multidetector

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar que el TC multidetector es un método útil para valorar las anomalías de las arterias coronarias, pues ofrece una visión tridimensional, identifica orígenes anómalos y curso anatómico en relación con los grandes vasos, y se convierte así en una herramienta eficaz con la que pueden contar el cardiólogo, el hemodinamista o el cirujano de corazón para planear un procedimiento intervencionista. Metodología: Se revisaron retrospectivamente 1180 estudios coronarios con TC multidetector realizados durante el período de noviembre 1 de 2002 a abril 30 de 2006, evaluándose el origen, forma del ostium y recorrido de las arterias coronarias. Hallazgos: Se detectaron 26 (2.2%) pacientes con anormalidades anatómicas de las arterias coronarias, 14 hombres y 12 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 60 años, 23 (88.46%) de estos pacientes fueron remitidos para valoración por dolor torácico y sospecha de evento coronario agudo. Entre las anormalidades anatómicas de las arterias coronarias se encontraron: ausencia de tronco izquierdo, (4); dos arterias coronarias derechas con ostium individual, (1); arteria circunfleja con origen en seno derecho, (2); y trayecto retrocardiaco, (1); duplicación de vasos, (6); nacimiento anterior de la arteria coronaria derecha, (1); arteria coronaria derecha con origen en el seno de Valsalva izquierdo y trayecto interarterial, (4); puente intramiocárdico, (3); salida retroaórtica de la arteria circunfleja, (1); salida de los tres vasos del seno coronario derecho, (1); ostium alto de la arteria coronaria derecha, (1); fístula arteriovenosa, (1); y rama de la arteria mamaria derecha a la primera diagonal, (1). Conclusión: El TC multidetector ofrece una clara visualización del origen y curso de las arterias coronarias anómalas con una visión anatómica en tercera dimensión que no es posible determinar con angiografía convencional y es especialmente útil para determinar la relación con los grandes vasos.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate that TC multidetector is a good method for assessment of coronary artery anomalies, allowing a tridimensional view, identifying their anomalous origin and anatomic course in relation to great vessels, it represents a very useful tool for cardiologists, hemodynamists or cardiac surgeons in the planning of an interventional procedure. Methods: One hundred and eighty studies about coronary 16-CT multidetector published from November 1, 2002 to April 30, 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. The coronary arteries origin and course and the ostium shape were evaluated. Results: Twenty six (2.2%) patients with anatomic abnormalities of the coronary arteries were found, 14 males and 12 females, the mean age was 60 years and 23 (88.46%) of these patients were referred for assessment of thoracic pain or suspicion of an acute coronary event. The anatomic abnormalities found in coronary arteries were: left trunk absence, (4); two right coronary arteries with an individual ostium each, (1); a circumflex artery originating from the right sinus, (2) and retrocardiac trajectory, (1); duplication of vessels, (6); anterior origin of the right coronary artery, (1); a right coronary artery originating from the left sinus of Valsalva and interarterial trajectory, (4); intramyocardial bridge, (3); retroaortic exit from the circumflex artery, (1); exit of the three vessels from the right coronary sinus, (1); a high right coronary artery ostium, (1); an arteriovenous fistula, (1); and a mammary artery branch from the first diagonal artery, (1). Conclusions: The 16-CT multidetector offers a clear visualization of the origin and course of the anomalous coronary arteries with a tridimensional anatomic view not achieved by conventional angiography, especially for assessing their relationship with the great vessels.