ABSTRACT
Spatial organization of the eukaryotic genome is tightly connected to its functioning. In particular, the interaction of gene promoters with remote enhancer elements in active chromatin hubs, as well as the recruitment of genes to the common transcription factories plays an important role in regulation of gene transcription. Most of works related to the analysis of spatial interaction of genome regulatory elements relies on models of tissue-specific genes. Meanwhile, it remains unclear to which extent the spatial organization of chromosomes is guided by house-keeping genes that are transcribed in most of cell types and outnumber the transcribed tissue-specific genes. To address this question, we used the 4C technique to characterize genome-wide the spatial contacts of the chicken house-keeping genes CARHSP1 and TRAP1 situated on chromosome 14. The promoters of these genes had an increased frequency of interaction with chromosome regions enriched in CpG islands and binding motifs for the ubiquitous transcription factor Sp1, both of which mark promoters of house-keeping genes, and overall with transcriptionally active regions. By contrast, the analysis of interaction of a gene poor region of chromosome 14 revealed no such preferences. The evidence for the interaction of house-keeping gene promoters were also obtained in independent cytological experiments aimed at visualization of non-methylated CpG islands in individual nuclei of human cells, which showed clustering of CpG islands in the nuclear space. Altogether, the results of our work suggest that the interaction of house-keeping genes constitutes an important factor that determines the spatial organization of interphase chromosomes.
Subject(s)
Avian Proteins/genetics , Cell Nucleus/chemistry , Erythroid Cells/metabolism , Genes, Essential , Genome , Interphase/genetics , Animals , Avian Proteins/metabolism , Cell Line, Transformed , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Chickens , CpG Islands , DNA Methylation , Enhancer Elements, Genetic , Epistasis, Genetic , Erythroid Cells/cytology , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics , Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Transcription, GeneticABSTRACT
The authors discuss the problem of fluorine load correction in caries. They claim that fluorine load of the body as regards caries prevention should never surpass the safe levels of total daily fluorine consumption. In children aged over 4 the safe level of total daily fluorine consumption is 2.5 mg, in adults 4 mg.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Fluoridation , Fluorides/adverse effects , Humans , Infant , Maximum Allowable Concentration , UkraineSubject(s)
Fluoridation , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluorides/metabolism , Humans , Infant , UkraineABSTRACT
A mean set of food products used by a person every day was statistically analyzed on the basis of 21-year budget investigation of the population with the use of information tables. The rate of mortality due to chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system was studied using the data of annual statistical reports for 21 years. The correlation analysis of the findings obtained has shown that the food factors investigated are not reliably associated with the values of mortality from gastric malignant neoplasms and gastroenterocolitis.
Subject(s)
Diet/adverse effects , Digestive System Diseases/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Diet Surveys , Gallbladder Diseases/epidemiology , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Humans , Inflammation , Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology , Peptic Ulcer/epidemiology , Risk , USSRABSTRACT
Proteins, animal fats, disugars and products of animal origin, refined products and daily energy content of rations were shown to be directly related to CHD morbidity (0.61-0.94), arteriosclerosis (0.70-0.96), myocardial infarction and cardiosclerosis (0.67-0.96) mortality, their association with hypertension being reverse (-0.66-0.80). Vegetable fats, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, buns and rolls, vegetables and fruit showed reverse correlation with CHD morbidity (-0.53-0.88) as well as with arteriosclerosis (-0.57-0.95), myocardial infarction and cardiosclerosis (-0.61-0.96) mortality.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Arteriosclerosis/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Dietary Proteins/adverse effects , Feeding Behavior , Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Hypertension/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , USSRABSTRACT
It has been demonstrated that the total content of food fibers in the daily diet of the Donbas population diets amounts to 24.0-26.3 g (cellulose 5.9-6.7 g, pectin 2.0-2.7 g, hemicellulose 16.1-16.9 g). Baked goods account for the major part of hemicellulose (about 85%) and 1/3 of cellulose. Potato and vegetables (fruit) account for half of pectin and 1/3 of cellulose. The daily requirement of cellulose and pectin was satisfied by about 1/3, which is accounted for by a high relative significance of refined products (about 60% of the diet caloric value).