ABSTRACT
Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor affecting reproductive health and pregnant outcomes. So far, the effect of this syndrome on the success rate of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the success rate of ART in infertile women in Isfahan. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study performed on 147 women candidates using in-vitro fertilization/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) and/or ICSI methods referred to Isfahan Infertility Center in two groups with metabolic syndrome(n=49) without metabolic syndrome(n=98), by convenience sampling methods in Isfahan, Iran in 2018. Body mass index (BMI) and waist, abdominal circumference, Serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol and FBS were measured. If ßHCG test was positive (day 15-16 after ART), transvaginal sonography (TVS) was done 15 days later. Pregnant women were followed up to the 20th week of pregnancy. To analyze, t-test, chi-square and logistic regression tests were used. Results: The frequency of metabolic syndrome was 33.4% (n=49). The frequency of ART was not significantly different between women with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.321). The relative frequency of pregnancy (p=0.907) and abortion (p=0.896) did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Independent t-test showed that the mean FBS, HDL, TG, systolic and diastolic BP, abdominal circumference and BMI in the studied units did not differ significantly based on the occurrence of pregnancy and abortion. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there was no significant difference between the indicators of metabolic syndrome and the success rate of ART in achieving, pregnancy and pregnant outcomes in the first twenty weeks of pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are being threatened by several accidents because of entering the new world of adulthood, separation from families, a greater presence in community individually, the lack of knowledge of rules and risk-taking spirit of adolescents, and events. The contribution of these damages and their related costs are higher in developing and low-income countries. The current study was conducted for proper planning focused on reducing accidents that have the highest incidence, evaluating school events, determining the place and time that most accidents happened to students and determining the body part injured. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling was conducted on 6933 students 11-14 years old (middle school) in 2009-2010 in Isfahan Province. The data were collected through observation and a researcher-made questionnaire and then entered into the EPi6 software, and analyzed by the SPSS 11.5 software and the statistical test of Chi-square. RESULTS: The findings showed that 49.9% of students were girls (n = 3462) and 50.1% (n = 3471) were boys, 84.5% of students (n = 5860) were living in urban areas and 15.5% of students (n = 1073) were living in rural areas. Frequency distribution of incidents was 53.9% (3739 cases) at school and 10.6% (732 cases) on the commuting route. The most injured body part was hand with 1018 cases (18.5%) and foot with 1267 cases (23.1%), and mostly they were injured in boys. CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that a high percentage of students were injured at school, where the first step to prevent the incidence of such preventable incidents at school is to secure workshop environments and school yards.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As the first experience of substance abuse often starts in adolescence, and studies have shown that drug use is mainly related to cigarette and alcohol consumption, an initial exploration of substance abuse prevalence, including cigarette and alcohol, seems to be the first step in preventing and controlling drug consumption. This study aimed to explore studies on drug use among high school students by investigating articles published in the past decade in Iran. METHODS: In this study, the databases inside the country were used to access articles related to substance abuse by students during 2001-2011, among which 7 articles on 14-19 years old high school students were studied. RESULTS: The seven studied articles showed that the highest drug use prevalence pertained to cigarette and hookah, followed by alcohol, opium, ecstasy, hashish and heroin. Opium and heroin use in Kerman city were, respectively, about 4 and 5 times of their use in other studied cities. CONCLUSIONS: Drug use is relatively high in the adolescent and effective group of the society, which requires particular attention and prompt and immediate intervention.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Knee arthroscopy is a painful procedure which if untreated will cause intensive and prolonged pain that may prevent rehabilitation of patients. This study was designed to compare the analgesic effects of different opioids in the early post operative period in comparison to control group. METHODOLOGY: One hundred forty patients were prospectively assigned to four groups randomly. After arthroscopic menisectomy all patients received an intraarticular injection containing 9.5 ml bupivacaine 0.5% with 1:200000 epinephrine in a 10 ml syringe. The remainder of syringe was filled with one of the study solutions. Group I: 5mg methadone, group II: 5mg morphine, group III: 5 ml normal saline, group IV: 50 mg meperidine. At three stages in the ealy post operative period the need for analgesics was recorded. A statistical comparison was done afterwards. Results : In morphine group (group II), the analgesic usage in hospitalized and outpatients compared with other groups was significantly low(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Morphine in comparison to meperidine or methadone is more beneficial in reducing pain or analgesic need when is added to bupivacain injection following arthroscopic menisectomy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) is one of the congenital anomalies in newborns that if not diagnosed and treated on time can lead to a severe disability. Although clinical examination is a very useful way for screening, but in some patients, a confirmatory diagnostic method such as ultrasonography is needed. The aim of the present study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination and ultrasonography in early detecting of DDH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 5800 of newborns were examined by orthopedic surgeon as a screening method. The newborns with risk factors or suspicious on clinical examination were introduced to repeat clinical and ultrasonographic examination of hip. The results were collected and recorded by a check list and then the sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination were calculated. RESULTS: Of 5701 newborns (11402 hips) who were studied by two methods of clinical examination and ultrasonography (by Graf method), the overall incidence of DDH was 29 per 1000. Only 94 hips (13.5%) of 694 disordered ones according to clinical examination were involved on ultrasonographic evaluation. A total of 240 hips of 334 (72%) involved hips according to ultrasonography (Graf type IIb or more) were diagnosed normal on clinical examination, considering ultrasonography as a gold standard method of evaluating DDH, the sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination were calculated 28.1% and 94.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: According to the present study, ultrasonogeraphic examination has a high valuable in screening of DDH and the clinical examination done by an experienced orthopedic surgeon has an acceptable value in primary screening of DDH in developing countries for detecting of healthy neonates, but if the newborn has a risk factor or is suspicious on clinical examination, it will be necessary to get assistance from ultrasonography by an experienced sonographer.
