ABSTRACT
The authors showed relationships of technologic features, occupational hazards at workplaces with risks of acute and chronic poisoning among workers engaged into extraction and processing of raw quartz and feldspar. The authors determined directions of occupational diseases prophylaxis.
Subject(s)
Minerals/poisoning , Mining , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Humans , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Poisoning/etiology , Poisoning/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Cobalt/adverse effects , Copper/adverse effects , Nickel/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Arctic Regions , Chronic Disease , Cold Climate , Humans , Metallurgy , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Russia , Smoking/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Mortality parameters among able-bodied individuals engaged into nonferrous metallurgy due to cardiovascular, respiratory diseases and malignancies several times exceed the analogous parameters among general population residing in the same climate (5.4, 4.9 and 3.6 times respectively). High mortality due to malignancies among the workers exposed to nonferrous metals does not match the data by official statistics declaring the occupational malignancies rate over 400 times lower than the mortality parameter. Such gap between actual and official statistics could result from inadequate occupational medical service for these workers.
Subject(s)
Metallurgy , Occupational Diseases/mortality , Adult , Arctic Regions , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cause of Death , Cold Climate , Coronary Disease/mortality , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/mortality , Respiratory Tract Diseases/mortality , Russia , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The author detected a considerable occurrence (14.4%) of toxic pneumosclerosis resulting from extrinsic toxic alveolitis in workers engaged into hydrometallurgic nickel production. Pathogenesis of the condition includes changes in lung surfactant, dysbalance between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, immune disorders, formation of circulating immune complexes.
Subject(s)
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/chemically induced , Lung Diseases/chemically induced , Lung/pathology , Metallurgy , Nickel/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Adult , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/immunology , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/metabolism , Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation , Lung Diseases/immunology , Lung Diseases/metabolism , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/immunology , Occupational Diseases/metabolism , SclerosisABSTRACT
Work conditions in modern production of nickel (carbonyl way) are characterized by high concentrations of sodium tetracarbonyl in the industrial compartments, so the acute and chronic intoxications in the workers could occur. Data on biologic control of the exposure (according to nickel level in the urine and carbon dioxide content of the expired air) prove considerable load of sodium tetracarbonyl in the workers and the inadequate protective means. The workers are characterized by increased prevalence of chronic respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, endocrine and dermatologic diseases.
Subject(s)
Metallurgy , Nickel/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure , Organometallic Compounds/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , PrevalenceSubject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Occupational Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Organometallic Compounds/poisoning , Pulmonary Edema/diagnostic imaging , Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced , RadiographyABSTRACT
The contributors propose a study of the labour conditions (microclimate, work load and intensity) in processing of dried yellowfin fish, describe results of the psycho-physiological and clinical studies, including medical examinations, epicutaneous testing, ventilation capacity of the lungs and peripheral blood laboratory studies. It was established that the technological processes of drying yellowfin fish exhibited exposure to the biological factors causing irritations and sensibilization of the skin fraught with occupational diseases (dermatitis) and respiratory disorders (allergic rhinopathy and the pre-asthma syndrome).
