Ilio biliar reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Ileus Biliary case report and literature review

Se considera al íleo biliar como una causa que es poco frecuente de obstrucción intestinal alta representado e 1 al 4% de los casos reportados de obstrucción intestinal de tipo mecánica. Para su diagnóstico debemos tener en cuenta pacientes que cuenten con factores de riesgo como ser la edad avanzada, antecedentes de patología biliar, con el fin de tener un diagnóstico oportuno para una resolución quirúrgica temprana. En el caso presentado podemos evidencia que el diagnostico se pudo llegar con la presencia de exámenes complementarios que presentaban criterios diagnósticos de íleo biliar como ser la triada de Rigler en una placa anteroposterior de abdomen, seguido de una laparotomía exploratoria que concluyo la presencia de lito biliar en asas intestinal, teniendo una resolución y tratamiento oportuno para el paciente.

Mpox transmitted through sexual intercourse: three case reports

Introduction: In 2022, many countries, such as Brazil, experienced outbreaks of mpox (formerly called monkeypox) in sexually active people with multiple sexual partners. Objective: Report cases of patients diagnosed with Mpox. Methods: Report three cases of patients diagnosed with Mpox treated at the STD Sector at Universidade Federal Fluminense. Results: We report three cases of young adult patients who spontaneously sought our STD service with wounds in the anogenital area, mouth and other parts of the body. These cases include a 28-year-old man (HIV positive) who had lesions on his penis and body, a 34-year-old man with perianal ulcers and adenopathy, and a 40-year-old man with painful ulcers on his penis. Conclusion: The article provides information on the symptoms, transmission, and prevention of mpox, highlighting the need for early detection, diagnosis, and prompt treatment to contain and prevent the spread of the disease. The cases presented in this study show all the characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease

Introdução: Em 2022, muitos países, como o Brasil, experimentaram surtos de mpox (anteriormente chamada de monkeypox) em pessoas sexualmente ativas com múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Objetivo: Relatar casos de pacientes diagnosticados com mpox. Métodos: Relatar três casos de pacientes com diagnóstico de mpox atendidos no Setor de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST) da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Resultados: Relatam-se três casos de pacientes adultos jovens que procuraram espontaneamente o Setor de DST da UFF com feridas na região anogenital, boca e outras partes do corpo. Esses casos incluem um homem de 28 anos (HIV positivo) que apresentava lesões no pênis e no corpo, um homem de 34 anos com úlceras perianais e adenopatia e um homem de 40 anos com úlceras dolorosas no pênis. Conclusão: O artigo fornece informações sobre os sintomas, transmissão e prevenção da mpox, destacando a necessidade de detecção precoce, diagnóstico e tratamento imediato para conter e prevenir a propagação da doença. Os casos apresentados apresentam todas as características de uma doença sexualmente transmissível.

Recurrent Lisch Epithelial Corneal Dystrophy Treated With 5-Fluorouracil: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to describe a case of Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy (LECD), review its clinical and histopathological features and diagnostic imaging, and introduce a novel treatment approach using topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: A 65-year-old woman presented with a recurrent left-sided corneal lesion consistent with LECD. The lesion was evaluated clinically, with high-resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT), and histologically. The lesion was successfully treated with two 1-week cycles of topical 5-FU. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination showed an opalescent, whorl-shaped corneal lesion. HR-OCT revealed a trapezoidal area of normal thickness epithelial hyperreflectivity. Histopathology demonstrated a mucosal epithelium with foamy cytoplasm and increased cell size consistent with LECD. Treatment with topical 5-FU resulted in marked clearance of the corneal lesion on slit-lamp examination and HR-OCT. CONCLUSIONS: 5-FU may be considered as a treatment option for LECD.

Sensitivity comparison for the Leishmania spp. detection in different canine tissues using PCR-HRM.

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by a parasite protozoon from the genus Leishmania. Among the molecular techniques applied for detecting these parasites, real-time PCR with High Resolution Melting (PCR-HRM) proved advantageous since it simultaneously determines both the presence and species of the pathogen in one step, through amplification and later analysis of curves generated by melting temperature. METHODS: Based on this molecular technique, the goal of this study was to estimate the PCR-HRM sensitivity for Leishmania spp. detection in different canine tissues by evaluating biological samples obtained from popliteal, submandibular, and pre-scapular lymph nodes, from bone marrow and ear pinnae of 28 stray dogs captured in the metropolitan area of Asunción (Paraguay). RESULTS: The rk39 immunochromatographic test showed that 25/28 tested dogs (89%) presented antibodies against L. infantum. In 20/25 dogs that tested positive for rk39 (80%), it was possible to detect Leishmania spp. by PCR-HRM and determine that the species corresponded entirely to L. infantum. Regarding the analysis of different tissues, the parasite was detected in all popliteal lymph node samples, followed by high detection in submandibular (at 95%) and pre-scapular lymph nodes (at 90%), bone marrow (at 85%), and ear pinnae (at 85%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the use of real-time PCR-HRM using the molecular marker hsp70 was a highly sensitive method for simultaneously detecting and identifying Leishmania species in different tissues taken from infected dogs. In addition, the usefulness of ear pinnae as easily accessible tissue for molecular diagnosis was emphasized.

Comprehensive profiling of antibody responses to the human anellome using programmable phage display.

Anelloviruses represent a major constituent of the commensal human virome; however, little is known about their immunobiology. Here, we present "AnelloScan," a T7 phage library representing the open reading frame 1 (ORF1), ORF2, ORF3, and torque teno virus (TTV)-derived apoptosis-inducing protein (TAIP) sequences of more than 800 human anelloviruses and profile the antibody reactivities of serum samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 156 subjects by using phage-immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq). A majority of anellovirus peptides are not reactive in any of the subjects tested (n = ∼28,000; ∼85% of the library). Antibody-reactive peptides are largely restricted to the C-terminal region of the capsid protein ORF1. Moreover, using a longitudinal cohort of matched blood-transfusion donors and recipients, we find that most transmitted anelloviruses do not elicit a detectable antibody reactivity in the recipient and that the remainder elicit delayed responses appearing ∼100-150 days after transfusion.

Calpain-Independent Intracellular Protease Activity Is Elevated in Excitotoxic Cortical Neurons Prior to Delayed Calcium Deregulation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to many neurodegenerative diseases. Excessive glutamate receptor-mediated calcium entry causes delayed calcium deregulation (DCD) that coincides with abrupt mitochondrial depolarization. We developed cA-TAT, a live-cell protease activity reporter based on a vimentin calpain cleavage site, to test whether glutamate increases protease activity in neuronal cell bodies prior to DCD. Treatment of rat cortical neurons with excitotoxic (100 µM) glutamate increased the low baseline rate of intracellular cA-TAT proteolysis by approximately three-fold prior to DCD and by approximately seven-fold upon calcium deregulation. The glutamate-induced rate enhancement prior to DCD was suppressed by glutamate receptor antagonists, but not by calpain or proteasome inhibitors, whereas DCD-stimulated proteolysis was partly attenuated by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Further suggesting that cA-TAT cleavage is calpain-independent, cA-TAT fluorescence was observed in immortalized Capn4 knockout fibroblasts lacking the regulatory calpain subunit. About half of the neurons lost calcium homeostasis within two hours of a transient, 20 min glutamate receptor stimulation. These neurons had a significantly (49%) higher mean baseline cA-TAT proteolysis rate than those maintaining calcium homeostasis, suggesting that the unknown protease(s) cleaving cA-TAT may influence DCD susceptibility. Overall, the results indicate that excitotoxic glutamate triggers the activation of calpain-independent neuronal protease activity prior to the simultaneous loss of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetic function.

Discovery of bioactive microbial gene products in inflammatory bowel disease.

Microbial communities and their associated bioactive compounds1-3 are often disrupted in conditions such as the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)4. However, even in well-characterized environments (for example, the human gastrointestinal tract), more than one-third of microbial proteins are uncharacterized and often expected to be bioactive5-7. Here we systematically identified more than 340,000 protein families as potentially bioactive with respect to gut inflammation during IBD, about half of which have not to our knowledge been functionally characterized previously on the basis of homology or experiment. To validate prioritized microbial proteins, we used a combination of metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics to provide evidence of bioactivity for a subset of proteins that are involved in host and microbial cell-cell communication in the microbiome; for example, proteins associated with adherence or invasion processes, and extracellular von Willebrand-like factors. Predictions from high-throughput data were validated using targeted experiments that revealed the differential immunogenicity of prioritized Enterobacteriaceae pilins and the contribution of homologues of von Willebrand factors to the formation of Bacteroides biofilms in a manner dependent on mucin levels. This methodology, which we term MetaWIBELE (workflow to identify novel bioactive elements in the microbiome), is generalizable to other environmental communities and human phenotypes. The prioritized results provide thousands of candidate microbial proteins that are likely to interact with the host immune system in IBD, thus expanding our understanding of potentially bioactive gene products in chronic disease states and offering a rational compendium of possible therapeutic compounds and targets.

Metagenomic strain detection with SameStr: identification of a persisting core gut microbiota transferable by fecal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The understanding of how microbiomes assemble, function, and evolve requires metagenomic tools that can resolve microbiota compositions at the strain level. However, the identification and tracking of microbial strains in fecal metagenomes is challenging and available tools variably classify subspecies lineages, which affects their applicability to infer microbial persistence and transfer. RESULTS: We introduce SameStr, a bioinformatic tool that identifies shared strains in metagenomes by determining single-nucleotide variants (SNV) in species-specific marker genes, which are compared based on a maximum variant profile similarity. We validated SameStr on mock strain populations, available human fecal metagenomes from healthy individuals and newly generated data from recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) patients treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). SameStr demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to detect shared dominant and subdominant strains in related samples (where strain persistence or transfer would be expected) when compared to other tools, while being robust against false-positive shared strain calls between unrelated samples (where neither strain persistence nor transfer would be expected). We applied SameStr to identify strains that are stably maintained in fecal microbiomes of healthy adults over time (strain persistence) and that successfully engraft in rCDI patients after FMT (strain engraftment). Taxonomy-dependent strain persistence and engraftment frequencies were positively correlated, indicating that a specific core microbiota of intestinal species is adapted to be competitive both in healthy microbiomes and during post-FMT microbiome assembly. We explored other use cases for strain-level microbiota profiling, as a metagenomics quality control measure and to identify individuals based on the persisting core gut microbiota. CONCLUSION: SameStr provides for a robust identification of shared strains in metagenomic sequence data with sufficient specificity and sensitivity to examine strain persistence, transfer, and engraftment in human fecal microbiomes. Our findings identify a persisting healthy adult core gut microbiota, which should be further studied to shed light on microbiota contributions to chronic diseases. Video abstract.

Sensitivity comparison for the Leishmania spp. detection in different canine tissues using PCR-HRM

ABSTRACT Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by a parasite protozoon from the genus Leishmania. Among the molecular techniques applied for detecting these parasites, real-time PCR with High Resolution Melting (PCR-HRM) proved advantageous since it simultaneously determines both the presence and species of the pathogen in one step, through amplification and later analysis of curves generated by melting temperature. Methods: Based on this molecular technique, the goal of this study was to estimate the PCR-HRM sensitivity for Leishmania spp. detection in different canine tissues by evaluating biological samples obtained from popliteal, submandibular, and pre-scapular lymph nodes, from bone marrow and ear pinnae of 28 stray dogs captured in the metropolitan area of Asunción (Paraguay). Results: The rk39 immunochromatographic test showed that 25/28 tested dogs (89%) presented antibodies against L. infantum. In 20/25 dogs that tested positive for rk39 (80%), it was possible to detect Leishmania spp. by PCR-HRM and determine that the species corresponded entirely to L. infantum. Regarding the analysis of different tissues, the parasite was detected in all popliteal lymph node samples, followed by high detection in submandibular (at 95%) and pre-scapular lymph nodes (at 90%), bone marrow (at 85%), and ear pinnae (at 85%). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of real-time PCR-HRM using the molecular marker hsp70 was a highly sensitive method for simultaneously detecting and identifying Leishmania species in different tissues taken from infected dogs. In addition, the usefulness of ear pinnae as easily accessible tissue for molecular diagnosis was emphasized.

Telemedicine as a health care strategy for persons deprived of liberty: an experience report / A telemedicina como estratégia para o cuidado em saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade: relato de experiência

Introduction: Telemedicine is a tool for overcoming geographical and physical barriers in the process of guaranteeing health care. Objective: To report the experience of medical care mediated by information and communication technologies to persons deprived of liberty at two penal units in the west side of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: This is a quantitative, qualitative, descriptive experience report. Results: Medical care mediated by information and communication technologies is an additional tool, based on multidisciplinary care practices, in the search for the right to health care to persons deprived of liberty. Conclusion: This experience allowed a reflection on the health and health care of the prisons' population, with information and communication technologies placed as a tool to bring the academic environment and the penal unit together in the search for comprehensive health care.

Introdução: A telemedicina constitui uma ferramenta para superação das barreiras geográficas e físicas no processo de garantia de assistência em saúde. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de atendimento médico mediado por tecnologias de informação e comunicação às pessoas privadas de liberdade de duas unidades penais do extremo oeste paranaense. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo quanti-qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência. Resultados: O atendimento médico mediado por tecnologias de informação e comunicação constitui-se de mais uma ferramenta na busca da garantia do direito de cuidado em saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade, a qual se alicerça em práticas de cuidado multiprofissional. Conclusão: Esta experiência propiciou a reflexão da saúde e os cuidados em saúde da população prisional, na qual as tecnologias de informação e comunicação se colocaram como ferramenta de aproximação do ambiente acadêmico e unidade penal na busca da integralidade do cuidado em saúde.

Comparison of uptake and elimination kinetics of metallic oxide nanomaterials on the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna.

The widespread use and release of nanomaterials (NMs) in aquatic ecosystems is a concerning issue as well as the fate and behavior of the NMs in relation to the aquatic organisms. In this work, the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna was exposed to 12 different and well-known NMs under the same conditions for 24 h and then placed in clean media for 120 h, in order to determine their different uptake and elimination behaviors. The results showed that most of the tested NMs displayed a fast uptake during the first hours arriving to a plateau by the end of the uptake phase. The elimination behavior was determined by a fast loss of NMs during the first hours in the clean media, mainly stimulated by the presence of food. Remaining NMs concentrations can still be found at the end of the elimination phase. Two NMs had a different profile (i) ZnO-NM110 exhibited increase and loss during the uptake phase, and (ii) SiO2-NM204 did not show any uptake. A toxicokinetic model was applied and the uptake and elimination rates were found along with the dynamic bioconcentration factors. These values allowed to compare the NMs, to cluster them by their similar rates, and to determine that the TiO2-NM102 is the one that has the fastest uptake and elimination behavior, SiO2-NM204 has the slowest uptake and CeO2 <10 nm has the slowest elimination. The present work represents a first attempt to compare different NMs based on their uptake and elimination behaviors from a perspective of the nano-bio interactions influence.

Global genome analysis reveals a vast and dynamic anellovirus landscape within the human virome.

Anelloviruses are a ubiquitous component of healthy human viromes and remain highly prevalent after being acquired early in life. The full extent of "anellome" diversity and its evolutionary dynamics remain unexplored. We employed in-depth sequencing of blood-transfusion donor(s)-recipient pairs coupled with public genomic resources for a large-scale assembly of anellovirus genomes and used the data to characterize global and personal anellovirus diversity through time. The breadth of the anellome is much greater than previously appreciated, and individuals harbor unique anellomes and transmit lineages that can persist for several months within a diverse milieu of endemic host lineages. Anellovirus sequence diversity is shaped by extensive recombination at all levels of divergence, hindering traditional phylogenetic analyses. Our findings illuminate the transmission dynamics and vast diversity of anelloviruses and set the foundation for future studies to characterize their biology.

Nefroma mesoblastico congénito: reporte de un caso / Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: case report

El nefroma mesoblastico congénito es un tumor renal infrecuente, pero común en el periodo neonatal. De comportamiento benigno y pronóstico excelente en su variedad clásica pero en el subtipo celular puede presentar recurrencia local, invasión retroperitoneal y metástasis pulmonares y cerebrales. El tratamiento es la nefrectomía radical. Los factores pronósticos son la edad menor a tres meses y la resección quirúrgica completa. Paciente de 17 días nacida a las 35 semanas por polihidramnios, con diagnóstico prenatal de masa abdominal. Al examen físico masa en flanco derecho e hipertensión arterial (121/79 mm Hg, TAM 77mm Hg). Ecografía abdominal con riñón derecho aumentado de tamaño y voluminosa formación sólida, de 4,4 x 4,3 x 4,8 cm, heterogénea y vascularizada al Doppler en polo inferior. Tomografía de abdomen con formación nodular heterogénea de 5,0 x 4,1 x 5,1 cm en polo inferior del riñón derecho. Se realizó nefrectomía radical derecha sin complicaciones. Evolución en los últimos 20 meses satisfactoria y libre de enfermedad.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is an uncommon renal tumor, but frequent in neonates. Classical variety usually benign with excellent prognosis. Cellular cases may be recurrent with retroperitoneal invasion, brain and lung metastasis. Radical nephrectomy is the treatment of choice. Relevant prognostic factors are diagnosis before three months of age and complete resection. A 17 day old patient, borned at 35 weeks due to polyhydramnios, with prenatal diagnosis of abdominal mass. On examination, right flank abdominal mass and arterial hypertension (121/79 mm Hg, MAP 77 mm Hg). Abdominal ultrasound showed an enlarged right kidney with a voluminous solid heterogeneous mass, 4.4 x 4.3 x 4.8 cm in the lower pole, vascularized on Doppler scan. Computed tomography showed a big 5.0 x 4.1 x 5.1 cm, nodular, heterogeneous mass in the lower pole of the right kidney. Right radical nephrectomy was performed with an uneventful recovery. Follow up for the last 20 months satisfactory and free of disease.

Neoplasia fusocelular - tumor de gist: presentación de un caso / Fusocellular neoplasia - gist tumor: presentation of a case

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (TEGI) son las neoplasias mesenquimales más frecuentes del tracto digestivo con una frecuencia de 0,1 a 3 % de todas las neoplasias gastrointestinales. Son derivadas de las células intersticiales de Cajal, localizadas a lo largo del plexo mioentérico de la pared intestinal. Comprenden leiomisarcomas, leiomioblastomas, leimiomas, schwannomas. Están formadas por células fusiformes, en la mayoría, epitelioides o ambas. Se localizan predominantemente en estómago e intestino delgado. Inmunohistoquimicamente se detecta expresión de receptores KIT (antígeno CD117) que puede ser focal, variable o difusa. Involucran tumores benignos pero con potencial malignidad hasta sarcomas metastizantes. Su pronóstico se basa el tamaño y porcentaje de mitosis. La sintomatología depende del lugar de origen, en este caso como masa palpable abdominal y obstrucción intestinal. El tratamiento es la resección completa con márgenes limpios. En caso de metástasis preoperatoria, esta no cambia la conducta quirúrgica, debido a la posibilidad de obstrucción y sangrado. El Imatinib a dosis de 400 mg controla el crecimiento eventual de enfermedad residual. Se presenta el caso clínico de paciente con masa abdominal y cuadro de obstrucción intestinal que evoluciona a la perforación de un TEGI localizado en yeyuno proximal con cuadro peritoneal y absceso subfrenico. Se procede a resección intestinal con yeyuno yeyuno anastomosis resección completa. La histopatología reporta Tumor estronal gastrointestinal y la inmunohistoquimica Neoplasia Fusocelular. CONCLUSION: Los TEGI son de origen mesenquimal, comprenden espectro grande de tumores desde benignos, hasta carcomas altamente malignos. Los factores pronósticos se asocian al tamaño e índice mitótico del tumor. La inmunohistoquimica reporta su expresión para CD117. La resección quirúrgica completa es el pilar de tratamiento y en casos de resección incompleta o irresecabilidad puede usarse imatinib.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most frequent mesenchymal neoplasms of the digestive tract with a frequency of 0.1 to 3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. They are derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal, located along the myoenteric plexus of the intestinal wall. They include leiomysarcomas, leiomioblastomas, leimiomas, schwannomas. They are made up of spindle cells, in the majority, epithelioids or both. They are located predominantly in the stomach and small intestine. Immunohistochemically, KIT receptor expression (CD117 antigen) is detected, and they can be focal, variable or diffuse. They involve benign but potentially malignancy tumors up to metastatic sarcomas. Their prognosis is based on the size and percentage of mitosis. The symptoms depend on the place of its origin. Treatment is complete resection with clean margins. In the case of preoperative metastases, this does not change the surgical approach, due to the possibility of obstruction and bleeding. Imatinib at a dose of 400 mg controls the eventual growth of residual disease. We present the clinical case of a patient with an abdominal mass and a small bowel obstruction that progresses to perforation of a GIST located in the proximal jejunum with a peritonitis and subphrenic abscess. Intestinal resection is performed with jejunum jejunoanastomosis and complete resection. Histopathology reports gastrointestinal stromal tumor and immunohistochemistry, Fusocellular neoplasia. Conclusion: GIST are of mesenchymal origin, they include a wide spectrum of tumors from benign to highly malignant sarcomas. Prognostic factors are associated with tumor size and mitotic index. Immunohistochemistry reports its expression for CD117. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment and in cases of incomplete resection or unresectability imatinib can be used.

Estabilidad del color en el blanqueamiento intracoronal / Color stability in intracoronal whitening

RESUMEN Introducción: El blanqueamiento intracoronal es una alternativa mínimamente invasiva que permite devolver el color a dientes no vitales tincionados. La estabilidad del color logrado es fundamental para evaluar la predictibilidad de este tipo de tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar la estabilidad del color 3 años después del blanqueamiento intracameral con peróxido de hidrógeno y carbamida a diferentes concentraciones. Métodos: Se utilizaron 44 premolares extraídos por indicación ortodóncica, los cuales fueron tratados endodónticamente y pigmentados artificialmente con cromógenos sanguíneos. Las muestras fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 4 grupos de estudio (n = 11) siendo: grupo A: peróxido de carbamida 37 por ciento, grupo B: peróxido de hidrógeno 35 por ciento, grupo C: peróxido de carbamida 100 por ciento y grupo D: control; para luego realizar 4 aplicaciones de agente blanqueador con un intervalo de 4 días entre cada aplicación. El registro del color se realizó mediante espectrofotometría, lo que permitió obtener los valores CIE L*a*b* para calcular la variación total de color entre los parámetros iniciales y finales del tratamiento, así como el control a los 3 años. Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados mediante las pruebas de Shapiro-Wilks, ANOVA y Mann-Whitney, sin registrar diferencias significativas en la variación total de color al control de los 3 años (p > 0,05). Conclusión: Los resultados del blanqueamiento intracoronal, independiente del tipo y concentración del agente utilizado en este estudio son estables en el tiempo y cualquier variación regresiva de color debe ser atribuida a factores extrínsecos(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intracoronal whitening is a minimally invasive procedure to restore natural color to stained non-vital teeth. The color stability achieved is fundamental to evaluate the predictability of this type of treatment. Objective: Evaluate color stability 3 years after intracameral whitening with carbamide and hydrogen peroxide at various concentrations. Methods: A total 44 premolars were used which had been extracted by orthodontic indication. The premolars were treated endodontically and artificially pigmented with blood chromogenes. The samples were randomly divided into 4 study groups (n = 11): Group A: 37 percent carbamide peroxide, Group B: 35 percent hydrogen peroxide, Group C: 100 percent carbamide peroxide and Group D: control. Four applications were then made of the whitening agent with a 4-days' separation between them. Color was recorded by spectrophotometry, obtaining the values CIE L*a*b* to estimate total color variation between the initial and final parameters of the treatment, as well as control at 3 years. Results: The results were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests, not finding any significant differences in total color variation with respect to the 3 years' control (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the intracoronal whitening studied are stable throughout time, regardless of the type and concentration of the agent used, and any regressive color variation should be attributed to extrinsic factors(AU)

Characterization of the nano-bio interaction between metallic oxide nanomaterials and freshwater microalgae using flow cytometry.

Since nanomaterials (NMs) are particulate contaminants, their first contact with organisms is a physical encounter ruled by physic-chemical processes that can determinate the potential NMs accumulation, toxicity, and trophic transfer. Freshwater ecosystems often become a final depository for NMs, so they can get in contact with the biota, especially primary organisms as algae. There are almost none comparative studies of this interaction using various NMs in the same conditions. This work identifies, analyzes, and compares the algae-NMs interaction by flow cytometry after a short-term contact test in which three freshwater algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata, Desmodesmus subspicatus, and Chlorella vulgaris) interact individually with a set of twelve metallic oxide NMs. Dose-response profiles and differences in the algae-NMs interaction were found according to each algae species (C. vulgaris had the most affinity, starting the interaction from 0.5 mg/L and D. subspicatus had the less affinity starting at 5 mg/L). Flow cytometry results were confirmed by optical microscopy. Some NMs characteristics were identified as key-factors that govern the algae-NMs interaction: NMs composition (no interaction for SiO2 NMs), surface electric charge (higher interaction for the positively charged NMs and lower interaction for the negatively charged ones) and crystalline form (for TiO2 NMs). The presented method can be useful for a rapid determination of the interaction between free cells organisms as microalgae and (nano)particulate substances.

Bacterial microbiota diversity and composition in red and white wines correlate with plant-derived DNA contributions and botrytis infection.

Wine is a globally produced, marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage, which is valued for its aromatic and qualitative complexity and variation. These properties are partially attributable to the bacterial involvement in the fermentation process. However, the organizational principles and dynamic changes of the bacterial wine microbiota remain poorly understood, especially in the context of red and white wine variations and environmental stress factors. Here, we determined relative and absolute bacterial microbiota compositions from six distinct cultivars during the first week of fermentation by quantitative and qualitative 16S rRNA gene amplification and amplicon sequencing. All wines harboured complex and variable bacterial communities, with Tatumella as the most abundant genus across all batches, but red wines were characterized by higher bacterial diversity and increased relative and absolute abundance of lactic and acetic acid bacteria (LAB/AAB) and bacterial taxa of predicted environmental origin. Microbial diversity was positively correlated with plant-derived DNA concentrations in the wine and Botrytis cinerea infection before harvest. Our findings suggest that exogenous factors, such as procedural differences between red and white wine production and environmental stress on grape integrity, can increase bacterial diversity and specific bacterial taxa in wine, with potential consequences for wine quality and aroma.

Effect of ultrasonic cleaning on the bond strength of fiber posts in oval canals filled with a premixed bioceramic root canal sealer.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic cleaning of the intracanal post space on the bond strength of fiber posts in oval canals filled with a premixed bioceramic (Bio-C Sealer [BIOC]) root canal sealer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty premolars were endodontically prepared and divided into 5 groups (n = 10), based on the type of root canal filling material used and the post space cleaning protocol. A1: gutta-percha + AH Plus (AHP) and post space preparation with ultrasonic cleaning, A2: gutta-percha + BIOC and post space preparation with ultrasonic cleaning, B1: gutta-percha + AHP and post space preparation, B2: gutta-percha + BIOC and post space preparation, C: control group. Fiber posts were cemented with a self-adhesive luting material, and 1 mm thick slices were sectioned from the middle and cervical third to evaluate the remaining filling material microscopically. The samples were subjected to a push-out test to analyze the bond strength of the fiber post, and the results were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk, Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Failure modes were evaluated using optical microscopy. RESULTS: The results showed that the fiber posts cemented in canals sealed with BIOC had lower bond strength than those sealed with AHP. The ultrasonic cleaning of the post space improved the bond strength of fiber posts in canals sealed with AHP, but not with BIOC. CONCLUSIONS: BIOC decreased the bond strength of fiber posts in oval canals, regardless of ultrasonic cleaning.

Incidence and risk factors of preoperative anxiety in Spanish-speaking children living in a Spanish-speaking country.

BACKGROUND: Most research on preoperative anxiety has focused on non-Latino populations. A study performed in the USA found that children from Spanish-speaking Latino families experienced higher anxiety than children from English-speaking families. AIMS: To report the incidence and level of preoperative anxiety in native Spanish-speaking children living in their home country and to assess risk factors associated with higher anxiety levels. METHODS: Data were collected from 204 children aged 2-12 undergoing elective surgery in a Chilean hospital. Patients' demographic data, surgery-related information, and self-reported parental anxiety were collected. Children's anxiety was measured using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. An anxiety score greater than 30 indicated significant anxiety. The main outcome for analyzing risk factors was children's anxiety level in the operating room. RESULTS: Significant preoperative anxiety was observed in 41.7% (95% CI: 34.8%-48.8%) of patients, with median anxiety score of 26.6 (IQR, 23.4-46.6). A significant positive correlation was observed between self-reported parental anxiety in the preoperative holding room and children's anxiety in the operating room (r = .153, P = .02), with a higher median difference when mothers are present in anesthesia induction (36.8 vs 30.7, respectively; P = .006). Linear regression analysis found previous negative surgical experience to be associated with higher anxiety levels in the operating room (ß = 16.057, P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: Spanish-speaking children undergoing elective surgery in their home country experienced significant rates of preoperative anxiety. Parental anxiety and previous negative surgical experience were risk factors associated with higher anxiety levels.

Preparación Ultrasónica del Espacio Protésico y su Influencia en la Resistencia Adhesiva de Postes de Fibroresina en Conductos Ovalados / Ultrasonic Preparation of the Prosthetic Space and its Influence on the Bond Strength of Fiber Post in Oval-Shaped Canals

RESUMEN: Paredes sin instrumentar y con material obturador endodóntico residual pueden elevar la posibilidad de la falla adhesiva de postes de fibroresina. Las fresas de desobturación y conformación del espacio protésico poseen una sección circular, lo que dificulta una adecuada preparación y limpieza de las paredes de los conductos ovales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de limpieza ultrasónica del espacio protésico y cómo ésta influyó en la resistencia a la tracción de postes de fibroresina en conductos ovales. Se utilizaron 30 premolares con conducto ovalado divididos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos de estudio (n=10), siendo: grupo A: preparación rotatoria con complemento ultrasónico, grupo B: preparación rotatoria y grupo C: grupo control. Postes de fibra de vidrio fueron cementados y luego de 7 días se realizaron cortes de un milímetro de grosor del tercio cervical y medio de cada muestra y se evaluó microscópicamente el área de gutapercha remanente y área efectiva de adhesión. Estos fueron sometidos a una prueba de push out evaluando la resistencia adhesiva de los postes. Finalmente fueron observados microscópicamente para analizar tipo de falla. Los resultados se analizaron mediante el test de ANOVA, Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis y Mann Whitney (p < 0.05), registrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la resistencia a tracción, área de gutapercha remanente y área disponible para la adhesión; además de una relación directa entre gutapercha remanente y menor resistencia a la tracción. Conclusiones: La preparación ultrasónica del espacio protésico aumenta la resistencia a la tracción de postes de fibroresinas cementados en conductos ovalados.

ABSTRACT: Untouched canal walls with residual filling materials can increase the probability of adhesive failure of fiber posts. The drills used for desobturation and conformation of the prosthetic space, has a circular cross section, which does not allow a proper preparation and cleaning of oval-shaped canal walls. The objective of the study was to evaluate the ultrasonic cleaning of the prosthetic space and how this influences the adhesive strength of fiber posts in oval-shaped canals. Thirty (30) oval-shaped canal premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10): Group A: rotary desobturation with ultrasonic complement, group B: rotary desobturation without ultrasonic complement and group C: control group. Fiberglass posts were cemented; after 7 days, one-millimeter slices were performed, one of the cervical and another from the middle third of the root. The slices were analyzed under an optical microscope to evaluate remaining gutta percha and effective adhesion area. Samples were subjected to a push-out test to evaluate bond strength of the fiber resin posts. Finally, samples were evaluated microscopically to analyze the type of failure. The results were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni, KruskalWallis and Mann Whitney test (p < 0.05), recording statistically significant differences in bond strength, remaining gutta-percha area and clean walls for adhesion; In addition, to a direct relationship between remaining gutta percha and lower adhesive strength, the ultrasonic preparation of the prosthetic space increases bond strength of fiber posts in oval canals.