ABSTRACT
We reviewed a series of 50 consecutive wrist arthroscopy patients who had been investigated pre-operatively by direct magnetic resonance arthrography and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of magnetic resonance arthrography in detecting full-thickness triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, intrinsic carpal ligamentous lesions, wrist synovitis and chondral lesions in the radiocarpal joint. The sensitivities of magnetic resonance arthrography in detecting central triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, peripheral triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, scapholunate ligament tears, lunotriquetral ligament tears, dorsal synovitis and radiocarpal chondral lesions were 89%, 63%, 71%, 100%, 32% and 65%, respectively, and its specificities in detecting these lesions were 91%, 98%, 89%, 94% 94% and 97%, respectively. This study suggests that single compartment direct wrist magnetic resonance arthrography can provide high diagnostic accuracy for full-thickness triangular fibrocartilage lesions, intrinsic carpal ligament tears and chondral lesions in the radiocarpal joint, but that it is much less accurate in diagnosing synovitis of the radiocarpal joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
Subject(s)
Arthralgia/diagnostic imaging , Arthrography , Chronic Pain/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Wrist Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Wrist Joint/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Arthralgia/etiology , Chronic Pain/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Wrist Injuries/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
From Astragalus peregrinus, four cycloartane-type saponins have been isolated and their structures elucidated by spectral means as 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 20(R),25-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,24(S)-tetrol (24-O-acetyl)- 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(6'-O-acetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 2 and 3 showed to stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and were not significantly cytotoxic.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Fabaceae , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Saponins/pharmacology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Structures , Saponins/therapeutic use , Spleen/cytology , Spleen/drug effects , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effectsABSTRACT
Three new cycloartane glycosides, trigonoside I, II and III, and the known astragalosides I and II were isolated from the roots of Astragalus trigonus. The structures of the new glycosides were totally elucidated by high field (600 MHz) NMR analyses as cycloastragenol-6-O-beta-xylopyranoside, cycloastragenol-3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D- xylopyranosyl]- 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside and cycloastragenol-3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-(3-O-acetyl)-xylopyranosyl]-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside.
Subject(s)
Fabaceae , Plants, Medicinal , Saponins/chemistry , Triterpenes/chemistry , Carbohydrate Conformation , Carbohydrate Sequence , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Saponins/isolation & purification , Triterpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Two new antimicrobial isoflavans, 1-[(3R)-7,8-dimethoxybenzopyranyl]-4- hydroxybenzoquinone (astragaluquinone) and (3S)-7,1'-dihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyisoflavan (8-methoxyvestitol), and the known 7-hydroxy-2',3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavan were isolated from roots of Astragalus alexandrinus and A. trigonus. The structures of the new isoflavans were established by spectroscopic methods.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Benzopyrans/pharmacology , Isoflavones , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Quinones/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Benzopyrans/chemistry , Benzoquinones , Candida albicans/drug effects , Carbohydrate Sequence , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Micrococcus luteus/drug effects , Molecular Sequence Data , Plant Roots/chemistry , Quinones/chemistry , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
The total ACh content and AChE activity were determined 1 hr after the i.p. injection of different doses of thiopental sodium (5, 10 and 20 mg/ml/100 g body wt) and barbitone sodium (20, 40 and 80 mg/ml/100 g body wt). The effect of different time intervals (1 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2.5 hr, 5 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr) on the total ACh content and AChE activity was investigated after i.p. injection of 10 mg thiopental sodium and 40 mg barbitone sodium/ml/100 g body wt. Both thiopental sodium and barbitone sodium increased the total ACh content in the brain tissue of Arvicanthis niloticus. Both drugs inhibited the brain AChE activity. It is thought that the increase in the total ACh content in the brain tissue of Arvicanthis niloticus may be due to a decrease in the release of ACh from the neuronal tissue and a decrease in AChE activity.
Subject(s)
Acetylcholine/metabolism , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Barbital/pharmacology , Barbiturates/pharmacology , Brain/metabolism , Thiopental/pharmacology , Animals , Brain/enzymology , Female , Male , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The effect of reserpine and meprobamate on the total acetylcholine content and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain tissue of the kusu rat, Arvicanthis niloticus, was studied. The total acetylcholine content and acetylcholinesterase activity were determined 1 hr after i.p. injection of different doses of reserpine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml/100 g body wt) and meprobamate (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/ml/100 g body wt). The effect of different time intervals (1, 10, 30 min, 1, 2.5, 5, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hr) on the total acetylcholine content and acetylcholinesterase activity was investigated after i.p. injection of 0.5 mg of reserpine and 12.5 mg of meprobamate/ml/100 g body wt. Both reserpine and meprobamate caused an increase in the total ACh content in the brain tissue of Arvicanthis niloticus which was suggested to be due to a decrease in the release of ACh, since both reserpine and meprobamate inhibited AChE activity after some tested periods. The effect of meprobamate was observed to be stronger than that of reserpine.
