Uncultured undifferentiated adipose-derived nucleated cell fractions combined with inside-out artery graft accelerate sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

Effects of transplantation of adipose-derived nucleated cell fractions (ADNCs) on sciatic nerve regeneration were studied. A 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using artery graft filled with ADNCs. In control group, artery graft was filled with saline alone. Regenerated nerve fibres were studied for 12 weeks. In sham-operated group, sciatic nerve was only exposed and manipulated. Behavioural and functional studies confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in ADNCs transplanted animals than in control group (P<0.05). At the end of study period, animals in ADNCs transplanted group achieved a sciatic functional index (SFI) value of -31.6 ± -3.14, whereas in control group a value of -42.5 ± -3.7 was found. Gastrocnemius muscle mass in ADNCs transplanted animals was found to be significantly higher than that in control group (P=0.001). Morphometric indices of regenerated fibres showed the number and diameter of myelinated fibres to be significantly higher in ADNCs transplanted animals than in control group (P=0.001). On immunohistochemistry, there was more positive staining of S100 in the ADNCs transplanted animals than in control group. ADNCs transplantation into an artery graft could be considered a readily accessible technique that improves functional recovery of sciatic nerve.

Methylene blue based device for pathogen reduction in human plasma.

BACKGROUND: Despite improvement in safety of plasma transfusion some virus transmission still remains a problem. So as World Health Organization (WHO) recommends, many countries developed Pathogen Reduction Technologies (PRT) to inactivate pathogens, in plasma components. The Methylene Blue (MB) based methods is one of the most universal one. The purpose of this research was, produce a device that can inactivate viruses in MB environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this interventional study, each Plasma Sample was illuminated by 70Pieces (PCs) of 1 w red Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) from one side. These LEDs emit light at central wavelength of 627 nm with 20 nm Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM). Two model viruses Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) were used and Tissue Culture 50% Infection Dose (TCID50) was used to calculate virus Log reduction. Two concentration of MB and 5 different illumination times were used. RESULTS: In 10 µm concentration of MB, HSV had 6.00±0.2 maximum log reduction that obtain after 60 minutes illumination and VSV had 5.50± 0.3 maximum log reduction after 75 minutes illumination. In 1 µM concentration of MB, HSV had 5.20±0.3 maximum log reduction that obtain after 60 minutes illumination and VSV had 4.90± 0.2 maximum log reduction after 75 minutes illumination. CONCLUSION: Results of virus inactivation in this method were similar to other methods (P-value<0.05 in comparison with Spring method, and P-value>0.05 in comparison with Theraflex), and it showed this device could inactivate viruses according to WHO recommendation.

Improving wheat grain yield under water stress by stem hydrocarbon reserve utilization.

Current assimilation and remobilization of dry matter during grain filling in wheat subjected to different levels of water deficit during phenological growth stage. The experiment was conducted as split plot. Time of water stress and levels considered as main and sub plots, respectively. water stress treatments exposed at jointing, anthesis and seed filling stage and levels of water stress include, Full Irrigation (FI), Low Water Stress (LWS), Moderate Water Stress (MWS) and High Water Stress (HWS). Grain yield and dry matter accumulation and remobilization were negatively affected by water stress. The lowest grain yield was obtained from HWS and when water stress occurred at anthesis. Dry matter accumulation at LWS was 4.87%, at MWS was 14.86% and at HWS was 26.55% lower than FI, respectively. Spike density and the number of kernel per spike were affected similarly and decreased with water deficit increased. The decrease in the number of spikes per unit area due to LWS, MWS and HWS was 13, 23 and 30% compared to FI, respectively. As the water stress was imposed at jointing stage, the lowest number of spikes per unit area and when imposed at anthesis, the lowest number of kernel per spike was obtained. With increase in water stress intensity, the contribution of mobilized DM (DMRC) to grain yield increased. The highest DMRC value obtained from HWS with 25.37%.