ABSTRACT
The Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been prepared at different deposition cycles, deposited on a glass substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method followed by the annealing process at elevated temperature. The investigations on the films have been carried out to understand and confirm its structure, functional group present, crystalline morphology, optical and electrochemical behavior. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns recorded indicate that the deposited films are formed in the tetragonal structure. Other parameters like grain size, dislocation density, and microstrain are also calculated. The uniform surface of the films with spherical shaped morphology has been observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, and the elemental compositions have been confirmed by EDAX. Electrochemical behavior such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis have been carried out by electrochemical workstation. The modified electrode exhibits maximum specific capacitance value as 416 F/g for a pure sample. Optical studies have shown that the band gaps are estimated between 1.40 eV and 1.57 eV.
ABSTRACT
Amino-pyridine and phthalic acid are well known synthons for supra-molecular architectures for the synthesis of new materials for optical applications. The 2-amino-pyridinium hydrogen phthalate title salt, C5H7N2 +·C8H5O4 -, crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group P21. The nitro-gen atom of the -NH2 group in the cation deviates from the fitted pyridine plane by 0.035â (7)â Å. The plane of the pyridinium ring and phenyl ring of the anion are oriented at an angle of 80.5â (3)° to each other in the asymmetric unit. The anion features a strong intra-molecular O-Hâ¯O hydrogen bond, forming a self-associated S(7) ring motif. The crystal packing is dominated by inter-molecular N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds leading to the formation of 21 helices, with a C(11) chain motif. They propagate along the b axis and enclose R 2 2(8) ring motifs. The helices are linked by C-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ab plane. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were used to investigate and qu-antify the inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal.
ABSTRACT
In the title compound, C(4)H(8)N(3)O(+)·C(4)H(3)O(4) (-), the cations and anions are linked through N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds making a ionic pair with an R(2) (2)(8) ring motif. These ionic pairs are further connected through another N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bond, leading to an R(6) (6)(16) ring motif around the inversion centres of the unit cell. These approximately planar aggregates are further connected through weak van der Waals inter-actions in the unit cell. The anions have a characteristic intra-molecular O-Hâ¯O hydrogen bond with a self-associated ring S(7) motif.
