ABSTRACT
The objective was to develop, construct and validate a portable device suitable for measurements of pedestrian slip resistance in situ. The developed device proved to be precise enough and easy to use. The dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) values measured by it showed strong correlation (r> or = 0.990, p < 0.001) with the values measured by the force platform used as a reference. In addition, the measured DCOF values were in good consistency with those obtained when using the older laboratory device of the Institute, the slip simulator. Based on the use of the new, developed device it can be concluded that accurate friction measurements with actual footwear can be performed even with a moderate-sized but portable device. The developed slipmeter will be used to measure slipperiness of various walking surface conditions, e.g. at different work places and in walkways, in the near future.
Subject(s)
Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Ergonomics/instrumentation , Models, Theoretical , Walking/physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Equipment Design , Gait/physiology , Humans , Models, Statistical , Reproducibility of Results , Shoes , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an experimental type of radiotherapy, presently being used to treat glioblastoma and melanoma. To improve patient safety and to determine the radiobiological characteristics of the epithermal neutron beam of Finnish BNCT facility (FiR 1) dose-response studies were carried on the brain of dogs before starting the clinical trials. A dose planning procedure was developed and uncertainties of the epithermal neutron-induced doses were estimated. The accuracy of the method of computing physical doses was assessed by comparing with in vivo dosimetry. Individual radiation dose plans were computed using magnetic resonance images of the heads of 15 Beagle dogs and the computational model of the FiR 1 epithermal neutron beam. For in vivo dosimetry, the thermal neutron fluences were measured using Mn activation foils and the gamma-ray doses with MCP-7s type thermoluminescent detectors placed both on the skin surface of the head and in the oral cavity. The degree of uncertainty of the reference doses at the thermal neutron maximum was estimated using a dose-planning program. The estimated uncertainty (+/-1 standard deviation) in the total physical reference dose was +/-8.9%. The calculated and the measured dose values agreed within the uncertainties at the point of beam entry. The conclusion is that the dose delivery to the tissue can be verified in a practical and reliable fashion by placing an activation dosimeter and a TL detector at the beam entry point on the skin surface with homogeneous tissues below. However, the point doses cannot be calculated correctly in the inhomogeneous area near air cavities of the head model with this type of dose-planning program. This calls for attention in dose planning in human clinical trials in the corresponding areas.
