[Vesico-ureteral reflux and vesico-sphincteral dysfunction in children]. / Reflusso vescico-ureterale e disfunzioni vescico-sfinteriche in età pediatrica.

The neurologically normal children affected by v.u. reflux frequently have miction disorders. The bladder-sphincter dysfunction can determine high intravesical pressures causing distortion of the vesico-ureteral junction in the same way of anastomotic obstruction. The urodynamic study allows the diagnosis of bladder-sphincter dysfunction and the careful therapeutic management. The medical treatment of the dysfunctional voiding may improve the evaluation of the reflux and reduce postoperatively complications and urinary tract infections. The Authors analyse their experience in the medical treatment of 40 children with vesico-ureteral reflux associated with miction disorders. The reflux resolved after medical treatment in 25% of cases and miction disorders in 50% of cases. The Authors stress the importance of careful diagnosis and treatment to improve results in this group of patients.

[Vascular emergencies in childhood]. / Le urgenze vascolari in età pediatrica.

Vascular urgencies in childhood are rare and various in presentation. Authors report their experience regarding a wide range of vascular urgencies occurring in pediatric age. A number of cases of neonatal gangrene of extremities, vascular trauma, complicated vascular dysplasia, arterial and venous thrombosis both peripheric and visceral are described. Etiopathogenetic diagnostic and therapeutic features of these lesions are discussed.