ABSTRACT
The CD-1 male-mouse model was employed to evaluate comparatively the toxicity of four vastatins (VTS) currently used in clinical medicine: lovastatin (LVT), simvastatin (SVT), pravastatin (PVT) and fluvastatin (FVT). Each vastatin was used orally in doses of 500 mg/Kg body weight/day, in animals with a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD) 5 days, or with a control diet (CD) 30 days. The association of high doses of VTS + HD produced a significant increase in liver weight and liver weight to body weight ratio in animals with SVT and FVT. Cholesterol (Chol) and triacylglycerols (TAG) in the liver increased significantly with FVT but not with the other VTS; Chol increased and TAG decreased in serum very significantly with FVT and SVT. The serum aminotransferases increased quite significantly with FVT but not with other VTS. In the experiment with high doses of VTS + CD, the animals receiving SVT or FVT showed a moderate loss of body weight. Liver weight and liver weight to body weight ratios were similar among all groups. Liver Chol showed a significant decrease with all VTS. Serum Chol decreased moderately with LVT and FVT. TAG in serum and liver showed a moderate decrease with all VTS. The serum aminotransferases were not modified by any vastatin. Our results indicate that high doses of VTS in male mice with a hypercholesterolemic diet result in a decreasing toxicity as follows: FVT>SVT>LVT>PVT.
Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/toxicity , Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Animals , Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage , Body Weight/drug effects , Cholesterol/analysis , Cholesterol/blood , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/toxicity , Fluvastatin , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Indoles/administration & dosage , Indoles/toxicity , Lipids/analysis , Lipids/blood , Liver/chemistry , Liver/pathology , Lovastatin/administration & dosage , Lovastatin/toxicity , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Organ Size/drug effects , Pravastatin/administration & dosage , Pravastatin/toxicity , Simvastatin/administration & dosage , Simvastatin/toxicity , Time Factors , Transaminases/blood , Triglycerides/analysis , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
The addition of 1% lovastatin (LVT) to hypercholesterolemic diets [1% cholesterol or 1% cholesterol plus 0.1% sodium deoxycholate (HD)] induced hepatic damage and was lethal to CD-1 mice in the first days of treatment; the females were more resistant than males. LVT or HD administered alone was harmless to male or female mice. After a 3-day treatment all groups that received LVT (1%, 0.1% or 0.05%) plus HD showed a higher percentage of liver weight, with respect to whole body weight. Cholesterol serum levels increased in males with HD, but remained low in female mice. In the liver, total lipids and cholesterol levels increased in male mice with HD, but cholesterol remained unchanged in females. The addition of LVT to HD prevented the increase of serum and liver cholesterol levels in male mice. These results allow us to propose the CD-1 male-mouse as a model to evaluate the toxicity of LVT or other vastatins.
