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Background: Research is a key component of medical practice, with involvement of medical students crucial for the future of healthcare. A major limitation for medical students is the lack of exposure to research education and projects. The purpose of this study was to analyse the exposure of medical students worldwide to research education and opportunities and their satisfaction with research in their curriculum and compare results between regions. Methods: The International Federation of Medical Students Associations (IFMSA), through its Research Standing Committee, developed a questionnaire to understand the current situation worldwide regarding medical students' access to research and research education in the medical curriculum. Students from all years from across the five regions of the IFMSA were eligible. Results: A total of 619 responses representing 290 universities and 88 countries were received. Although 97.6% of medical students believed that research should be approached in their education, only 19.6% considered it was sufficiently addressed. Regarding education, only 36% of all respondents reported having specific mandatory research courses, with higher percentages in the Asia-Pacific and European countries. Even though an association between research opportunities and research participation was found, only 30% of students reported having specific places in research teams. Lastly, 39.3% had never participated in a research project. Conclusion: Research education is a vital component of medical education, and medical students consider its inclusion as essential for their education. However, not enough emphasis on research education is placed across the globe, with most students seeking research opportunities to train themselves outside the formal curriculum.
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Background: Climate change is predicted to be our century's most significant health threat. In 2021, 46 countries committed to environmentally sustainable low carbon health care systems. Of those, 34 were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Currently, health systems are responsible for 4.4% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with health systems in high-income countries (HICs) contributing the largest proportion to the sector's GHG emissions. However, future increases are predicted in LMICs in the absence of robust GHG mitigation. This systematic review aims to identify evidence-based GHG mitigation interventions to guide the transformation of health care systems towards net zero, specifically in LMICs. Additionally, potential synergies between interventions that aid adaption to climate change and mitigate GHG emissions will be investigated. Methods: This protocol will follow the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist of recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol'. A comprehensive search will be conducted on electronic databases identified as relevant. Search terms were identified to capture all relevant peer-reviewed, primary research published between 1990 and 2022. The risk of bias will be assessed, and the quality of evidence graded. The eventual narrative synthesis will feed into a theory of change framework on GHG mitigation of health care systems in LMICs. Discussion: This systematic review will synthesise the existing evidence around GHG mitigation interventions across all scopes of emissions, including scope 1 (health care operations), scope 2 (energy), and scope 3 (supply chains). It can be used to inform recommendations on how health care systems in LMICs can reduce emissions while prioritising which actions to take to gain the most significant reductions in GHG emissions, considering ease of implementation, scope and cost. Finally, this can catalyse further research in this area which is urgently needed.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: el trastorno depresivo mayor se define por episodios determinados de al menos dos semanas de duración, que implican cambios claros en el afecto, cognición, funciones neurovegetativas, anhedonia, fatiga, entre otros. En Honduras, un 13.2% de la población se encuentra afectada; sin embargo, no hay estudios en depresión enfocado en estudiantes de medicina. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional de alcance descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal; muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Participaron 380 estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras de una población de 7,700. Se empleo el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente 9 (PHQ-9) para diagnóstico de depresión y se elaboró un cuestionario con 38 preguntas para obtener los determinantes asociados. Se realizó el análisis estadístico en SPSS v23 y se emplearon medidas de tendencia central y análisis de frecuencias. Se contemplaron las recomendaciones de la declaración de Helsinki. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: el 31.57% presenta depresión mayor o menor. De ellos, se debería considerar el tratamiento en un 55% y aplicarse en un 19.5%. El 93.7% declaró que la carrera les generaba algún grado de estrés por la carga académica y exigencias. Además, un 14.8% expresó que ser funcionales en sus hogares, trabajos o en relaciones interpersonales es muy difícil o extremadamente difícil. Finalmente, un 11.90% de los encuestados tiene pensamientos de muerte o de autoagresiones en más de la mitad de los días o en casi todos los días.
INTRODUCTION: major depressive disorder is defined by certain episodes of at least two weeks of duration, which involve clear changes in affect, cognition, neuro-vegetative functions, anhedonia, fatigue, among others. In Honduras, 13.2% of the population is affected; however, there are no studies in depression focused on medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this is a study with a descriptive scope, quantitative approach, cross-sectional; nonprobabilistic sampling. 380 medical students from the National Autonomous University of Honduras participated from a population of 7,700. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to diagnose depression and a questionnaire with 38 questions was prepared to obtain the associated determinants. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v23 and measures of central tendency and frequency analysis were used. The recommendations of the Helsinki declaration were considered. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 31.57% have major or minor depression, in which a 55% should be considered for treatment and definitely applied in a 19.5% 93.7% declared that the career generated some degree of stress due to the academic load and demands. In addition, 14.8% expressed that being functional in their homes, work or interpersonal relationships is very difficult or extremely difficult. Finally, 11.90% of those surveyed have thoughts of death or self-harm on more than half of the days or on almost every day(AU)
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Depression , Students, Medical , Affect , Depressive Disorder, MajorABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, which not only represents a great challenge, but is setting a precedent for the medical community. In this situation, it is suggested that all personnel who are exposed to occupational risks specifically biological risk - will use the necessary personal and collective protection equipment provided by the institution or company for which they work. Workers in areas and jobs at high risk of infection can be stigmatized and discriminated, leading to their exclusion from the community and their increased exposure to violence and harassment. OBJECTIVE: analyze the occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in health personnel in Latin America in May, 2020. METHODS AND MATERIALS: a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out; a nonprobabilistic sample of 713 volunteers participated. An online questionnaire of 30 closed questions was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2019, using frequency analysis and central tendency measurements. The Helsinki bioethics recommendations were considered. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: health workers from 13 Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, from 7 professions in the health sector, participated. The personal and labor/institutional risk factors and repercussions on the personnel were detailed. CONCLUSIONS: besides providing the necessary equipment and safety measures and protocols to the health workforce, it is fundamental that institutions adopt new collaborative policies that ensure the holistic protection (including psychological and emotional) of their workers.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad infecciosa respiratoria aguda causada por el virus SARS-Cov-2, que no solo representa un gran desafío, sino que está sentando un precedente para la comunidad médica. Se sugiere que todo el personal que esté expuesto a riesgos laborales, específicamente riesgo biológico, utilice los equipos de protección personal necesarios proporcionados por la institución o empresa para la que labora. Los trabajadores con alto riesgo de infección pueden ser estigmatizados y discriminados, lo que lleva a su exclusión de la comunidad y su mayor exposición a la violencia y el acoso. OBJETIVO: analizar la exposición laboral al SARS-CoV-2 de los colaboradores de salud en Latinoamérica en mayo 2020. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal; participó una muestra no probabilística de 713 voluntarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea de 30 preguntas cerradas. El análisis de estadísticos se realizó mediante Excel 2019, utilizando análisis de frecuencia y mediciones de tendencia central. Se consideraron las recomendaciones de bioética de Helsinki. Resultados y discusión. Participaron trabajadores sanitarios de 13 países hispanohablantes de América Latina, de 7 profesiones del sector salud. Se detallaron los factores de riesgo personales, laborales - institucionales y sus repercusiones en el personal. CONCLUSIONES: además de proveer el equipo y medidas de bioseguridad necesarias, es fundamental que las instituciones adopten nuevas políticas conformadas en conjunto para que se asegure la protección integral (a su vez psicológica y emocional) de los trabajadores.
