ABSTRACT
Nightmares have been shown to be robust predictors of self-harm risk, beyond depressive symptoms and hopelessness at times. However, few studies have investigated associations between nightmare content and increased self-harm risk. This study explored associations of thematic nightmare content with history of self-harm, and risk of self-harm phenomena the morning following a nightmare. A mixed-method diary study was performed. Prospective nightmare reports were obtained from 72 participants. A total of 47 nightmare reports met inclusion criteria and were analyzed for themes using inductive thematic analysis. Chi-square and bootstrap Pearson's correlation tests were performed to assess the associations between nightmare themes and self-harm history, and risk of self-harm phenomena following a nightmare. "Powerlessness to Change Behavior" was associated with a history of self-harm engagement, whereas "Financial Hardship" indicated reduced risk. Themes were not significantly associated with increased risk of self-harm phenomena following a nightmare. Content may be of use in detecting lifetime history of self-harm engagement, particularly in populations where disclosure is seen as taboo. However, nightmare symptom severity remains a better indicator of risk. Evidence for the utility of nightmare content in assessing immediate self-harm risk is presently lacking. Replication with increased power is recommended.
Subject(s)
Dreams/psychology , Self-Injurious Behavior , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Psychological Techniques , Qualitative Research , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors , Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Strategies to improve outcomes for patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) are becoming more evident. The aging population, however, continues to make the decision to intervene often difficult, especially given that traditional risk models do not reflect issues of aging and frailty. This study aimed to integrate measures of function alongside comorbidity- and frailty-specific factors to determine outcome. METHODS: Patients treated for a rAAA between January 2006 and April 2014 were assessed. Demographics, mortality, and requirement for care after discharge as well as a variety of measures of function (physical, social, and psychological) and comorbidity were recorded. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Outcome models were generated using multivariate logistic regression and were compared with models of vascular frailty and AAA-related outcome. RESULTS: Of 184 patients treated, 108 (59%) underwent an open surgical repair. The overall 30-day and 1-year mortality were 21.5% and 31.4%, respectively, with an overall median hospital length of stay of 13 days (interquartile range, 6-27 days). An optimal logistic regression model for 12-month mortality used Katz score, Charlson score, number of admission medicines, visual impairment, hearing impairment, hemoglobin level, and statin use as predictors, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84. CONCLUSIONS: This novel rAAA model incorporating function and comorbidity offers good predictive power for mortality. It is quick to calculate and may ultimately become helpful for both counseling and selection of patients and comparative audit at a time when outcome in patients with rAAA increasingly comes under the spotlight.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Aortic Rupture/surgery , Frail Elderly , Health Status , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/mortality , Aortic Rupture/diagnosis , Aortic Rupture/mortality , Area Under Curve , Comorbidity , Electronic Health Records , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Length of Stay , Logistic Models , Male , Patient Discharge , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Vascular Surgical Procedures/mortalityABSTRACT
Impulsivity is a complex behavioural feature of many psychiatric disorders, in particular of risk-taking behaviour, and is an important determinant of personality. Both ADHD and bipolar disorder express features of impulsivity. The concept of having two or more simultaneous psychiatric conditions is an increasingly recognised concept in the field of psychiatry, and is important clinically for management and prognosis. Consequently, the aim of this case presentation is to report about a young patient with both bipolar II and ADHD, in order to better understand which of the possible clinical phenotypes of these psychiatric conditions exist in comorbidity, mainly focusing on impulsive features because of the relevant challenge that this psychological aspect can represent in the clinical treatment of these patients.
