Collagen/gelatin and polysaccharide complexes enhance gastric retention and mucoadhesive properties.

This article has focused on collagen-gelatin, the gelation process, as well as blend interaction between collagen/gelatin with various polysaccharides to boost mucoadhesion and gastric retention. The interaction between mucoadhesive materials and mucin layers is of significant interest in the development of drug delivery systems and biomedical applications for effective targeting and prolonged time in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper reviews the current advancement and mucoadhesive properties of collagen/gelatin and different polysaccharide complexes concerning the mucin layer and interactions are briefly highlighted. Collagen/gelatin and polysaccharide blends biocompatible and biodegradable, the complex biomolecules have shown encouraging mucoadhesive properties due to their cationic nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds with mucin glycoproteins. The mucoadhesion mechanism was attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged amino (NH2) groups of blend biopolymers and the negatively charged sialic acid residues present in mucin glycoprotein. At the end of this article, the encouraging prospect of collagen/polysaccharide complex and mucin glycoprotein is highlighted.

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications.

Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.