[Radionuclide diagnosis of upper urinary tract patency in patients with cancer of the cervix uteri ].

The experience with dynamic renal scintigraphy has shown its high informative value and safety in evaluating the degree of intrarenal urine outflow disorders. However, failure to make an objective assessment of ureteral patency considerably limits its study. The set of studies, which is given in this paper, is devoted to precisely this, highly urgent, problem. The authors have developed an original procedure for diagnosing impaired urine outflow along the ureters during dynamic renal scintigraphy. The visual and digital characteristics of normal and impaired urine outflow in the supravesical segment are defined. The criteria characterizing severe impairments of renal urine derivation along the ureters are denoted. Risk factors for urine outflow disorders are identified in patients with cancer of the cervix uteri, who receive various treatment modalities.

Tumor estrogen content and clinico-morphological and endocrine features of endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To compare estrogen concentrations in endometrial cancer tissue with those in macroscopically normal endometrium and with certain morphological characteristics of the tumor and endocrine parameters in patients. METHODS: The estradiol content was evaluated by radioimmunoassay after homogenization and extraction in 78 adenocarcinomas (61 from postmenopausal patients). RESULTS: Higher concentrations of estradiol in tumor tissue samples than in macroscopically normal endometrium were found in patients of both reproductive and postmenopausal age. This difference was the same in patients with either endometrial carcinoma type I or type II. No association between tumor steroid receptor levels, estradiol concentrations in blood serum, and timing of menopause with intratumoral estradiol contents was discovered. Estradiol concentrations in tumor tissues correlated positively with the clinical stage of disease and rate of tumor invasion (in patients with peripheric/lower type of fat topography), and negatively with tumor differentiation stage (in patients with central/upper type of fat topography) and the percentage of intact double-stranded DNA in normal endometrium. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor estrogen content in endometrial cancer has clinical significance that is modified in the presence of certain endocrine characteristics related to insulin resistance. The role of local estrogen production (aromatase activity) in this setting deserves special study.

[Results of peripheral densitometry in a population of postmenopausal women]. / Rezul'taty perifericheskoi densitometrii pri populiatsionnom obsledovanii zhenshchin v postmenopauze.

Osteodensity was compared in 582 postmenopausal patients with such pathologies as urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis, vulvar craurosis, breast carcinoma, hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. A double-photon Z-ray densitometer with a computer program designed for postmenopausal women examination was employed. It was shown that osteodensity measurements can distinguish two opposite patterns of homeostasis in postmenopause: involute-atrophic vs. hyperplastic processes in target tissues characterized by high oncological susceptibility. However, if strict and clear distinctions are applied, many patterns of pathology combination so typical of postmenopause will stay outside the classification. Much in further studies of the problem will depend on progress made in investigation of estrogen receptors in target tissues.

[Current potential of sonography for primary and specific diagnosis of endometrial cancer]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti sonografii v pervichnoi i utochniaiushchei diagnostike raka éndometriia.

Findings on sonography diagnostic potential to be used in screening for endometrial carcinoma suggested an ultrasound examination of 235 postmenopausal patients who had had no relevant complaints. As a result, criteria of ultrasound screening for endometrial tumors in postmenopausal patients were worked out. Later, sonography was carried out in 596 endometrial carcinoma patients with a view to verify the diagnosis. It pointed to inadequate identification of microinvasive carcinoma (up to 5 mm) by transabdominal and transvaginal scanning. Sonography, however, efficiently diagnosed marked infiltration (9.4%), organ involvement (88.4%) and metastatic lesions in the ovaries.

[Possibilities in the conservative treatment of patients with early forms of uterine cancer]. / Vozmozhnosti shchadiashchego lecheniia bol'nykh rannimi formami raka matki.

Organ-saving surgery was used in 134 patients with early cervical cancer (high amputation with a lancet-98 and cryotherapy-36 cases). The efficiency of the procedure was verified by morphological examination of samples obtained from the operation site at certain periods after primary treatment. The results of surgical treatment and hormonotherapy of early endometrial cancer (66 and 17 cases, respectively) are presented. Sparing methods may be used for treatment of early cancer of the uterus. Due to their application, menstrual, sexual and reproductive functions are preserved.