ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: STW 5 (Iberogast(®)) is a well known herbal combination drug containing glycosides and flavonoids for which multiple pharmacological properties have been shown. OBJECTIVE: In this study, attempts were made to assess whether STW 5, an aqueous ethanol solution, has a preventive effect against liver and lung pathological damage in rats after experimental induction of sepsis [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)]. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental sepsis was induced in rats using CLP operation. The rats (n = 36) were divided into six groups (six/group): Sham-operated (SOP); CLP; CLP + STW 5 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and CLP + indomethacin. The drugs were injected intraperitoneally immediately after sepsis induction. RESULTS: It was found that induction of sepsis 24 h after CLP was associated with significant liver and lung damage, also remaining after STW 5 administration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It appears that STW 5, which has a pronounced efficacy in functional gastro-intestinal diseases, has no effect on septic liver and lung damage in the CLP rat model.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sepsis/prevention & control , Animals , Cecum/microbiology , Cecum/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Ligation , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Lung/drug effects , Lung/pathology , Male , Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Punctures , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sepsis/microbiology , Sepsis/pathologyABSTRACT
During 1 year (April 2009-April 2010), the prevalence of Linguatula serrata (L. serrata) nymphs in liver and mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) of 740 native goats of different sex and ages were examined in Tabriz, north west of Iran. Initially the organs were macroscopically examined for nymphal stage of L. serrata and then were digested by acid-pepsin method to further investigation. The prevalence rate was obtained 55.27%. The mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in 334 (45.13%), the lymph nodes (LN) in 102 (13.78%) and the livers in 8 (1.08%) goats out of 740 were infected with L. serrata nymphs. The results indicated a high rate of infection of LN in goats in this region of Iran.
ABSTRACT
The effects of dietary essential oils prepared from caraway seeds on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in rats has been studied. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypt (AC) induced by DMH were found to be significantly inhibited in colon of rats treated with essential oils in diet (0.01 and 0.1%). To find out the mechanism(s) by which the essential oils reduced colon premalignancies, plasma, liver, and colon tissues were collected and analyzed for parameters related to oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Lack of influence of caraway extracts on hepatic lipid peroxidation products, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) may suggest that the oils do not interfere with these factors. However, it was clearly shown that DMH-related changes in hepatic and colonic cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferae (GST) activities were recovered in liver but not in colon tissue in animals treated with caraway oil preparations. In conclusion, histopathological and biochemical data clearly showed that inhibition of colon premalignant lesions induced by DMH is mediated by interference of caraway oil components in the activities of the main hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
Subject(s)
Carum , Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Liver/enzymology , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Xenobiotics/metabolism , 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine , Aberrant Crypt Foci/prevention & control , Animals , Colon/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/chemically induced , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation , Male , Oxidative Stress , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Irradiation is an important method of processing herbal drugs, while our understanding of the effects of gamma-irradiation on pharmacological properties of seed products such as caraway essential oils is however still very limited. In this study, caraway seeds were irradiated at dose levels of 0, 10 and 25kGy. After extracting the essential oils, the effects of fresh and gamma-irradiated caraway oils (100mg/kg b.w) on preventing septic-related oxidative liver injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model were investigated by measuring oxidative stress parameters in the liver. CLP operation caused a marked increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity which was readily reversed in rats treated with fresh and irradiated caraway oils. Likewise, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in the liver was compensated in rats treated with the fresh and irradiated caraway oils. Moreover, liver GSH which was initially depleted due to CLP was recovered by essential oil treatments. The protective role of oils was further confirmed by showing that liver function tests (ALT/AST) as well as histopathological changes following CLP operation were recovered in rats treated with oils from either fresh or irradiated caraway seeds. These data may suggest that gamma-irradiation to caraway seeds at 10 and 25kGy has no influence on the antioxidative properties of caraway essential oils.
