ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose as osmotic agents on in vitro conservation of embryogenic cultures of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) Bartamoda and Sakkoty cultivars. Embryogenic cultures was obtained using MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 3 mg/l isopentenyl adenine (2iP). Among the three types of osmotic substances used for slow growth conservation, sucrose at all concentrations gave the highest percentage of survival with Sakkoty cultivar. However, addition of 40 g/l or 60 g/l mannitol and 20 g/l sorbitol showed the highest percentage of survival percentage with Bartamoda cultivar. The different sucrose concentrations caused higher numbers of germinated embryos of the two cultivars compared with mannitol or sorbitol. Also, the number of germinated embryos was increased with increasing the storage periods till the ninth month. Genetic stability was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. There were no clear genetic differences between the two osmotic agents used for preservation. The preserved cultures of Sakkoty cultivar gave the high percent of similarity while Bartamoda cultivar gave low percent of similarity. From the obtained results we can recommend using 40 g/l mannitol or 20 g/l sorbitol for in vitro preservation of Bartamoda cultivar of date palm and 20 g/l of sucrose for Sakkoty cultivar.
ABSTRACT
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes reperfusion injury that when most severe is clinically manifested as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The anaesthetic propofol may have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce such a response. We hypothesised differing effects of propofol and isoflurane on inflammatory markers in patients having CBR Forty patients undergoing elective CPB were randomised to receive either propofol or isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia. CRP, IL-6, IL-8, HIF-1α (ELISA), CD11 and CD18 expression (flow cytometry), and haemoxygenase (HO-1) promoter polymorphisms (PCR/electrophoresis) were measured before anaesthetic induction, 4 hours post-CPB, and 24 hours later. There were no differences in the 4 hours changes in CRP, IL-6, IL-8 or CD18 between the two groups, but those in the propofol group had higher HIF-1α (P = 0.016) and lower CD11 expression (P = 0.026). After 24 hours, compared to the isoflurane group, the propofol group had significantly lower levels of CRP (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.001) and IL-8 (P < 0.001), with higher levels CD11 (P = 0.009) and CD18 (P = 0.002) expression. After 24 hours, patients on propofol had increased expression of shorter HO-1 GT(n) repeats than patients on isoflurane (P = 0.001). Use of propofol in CPB is associated with a less adverse inflammatory profile than is isofluorane, and an increased up-regulation of HO-1. This supports the hypothesis that propofol has anti-inflammatory activity.
