ABSTRACT
A novel series of benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids containing substituted benzyl moieties were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase. The results indicated that 2-(4-{[1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (6g) and 2-(4-{[1-(4-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (6h) exhibited effective inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.42 and 10.34 µm, respectively, comparable to that of kojic acid as the reference drug (IC50 = 9.28 µm). Kinetic study of compound 6g confirmed mixed-type inhibitory activity towards tyrosinase indicating that it can bind to free enzyme as well as enzyme-substrate complex. Also, molecular docking analysis was performed to determine the binding mode of the most potent compounds (6g and 6h) in the active site of tyrosinase. Consequently, 6g and 6h derivatives might serve as promising candidates in cosmetics, medicine or food industry, and development of such compounds may be of an interest.
Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Triazoles/pharmacology , Agaricales/enzymology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Design , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Kinetics , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Structure , Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Triazoles/chemical synthesis , Triazoles/chemistryABSTRACT
In this work, a wide range of novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one linked to 1,2,3-triazoles was designed, synthesized, and evaluated against a panel of three human breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T-47D), lung (A549), and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. Our results revealed that the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was selectively affected by the presence of methoxy group on the linker between quinazolinone and 1,2,3-triazole moieties. According to the calculated IC50 values, compounds 6q, 6w, and 6x showed good cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines even more effective than the reference drug, etoposide. Compounds 6q and 6u were found to be potent compounds against A549, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comparing with erlotinib. Also, the morphological analysis by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining test and flow cytometry analysis indicated that potent compounds induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Molecular docking studies were performed to clarify the inhibition mode of compounds 6g, 6u, 6w, and 6x over the EGFR active site. The most promising compounds, 6q and 6u, possessing 3-methoxy group were well oriented to the gatekeeper hydrophobic pocket of EGFR active site and interact well with Ala719, Val702, and Leu820 through hydrophobic interaction.
