Profile of Neurological Manifestations in Children Presenting with Rickettsial Disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study the profile of neurological manifestation of rickettsial disease in children. METHODS: Review of hospital records was done in a tertiary care hospital for the period from January to December, 2020. Data of all the children fulfilling the inclusion criteria i.e., clinical criteria and serology were retrieved from the hospital records. RESULTS: Of the total 7974 children admitted over this period, 178 were diagnosed with rickettsial disease wherein 54 (33.3%) had neurological involvement. Convulsions (59%), altered sensorium (56%), headache (44%), meningeal signs (37%), ataxia, (11%), lateral rectus palsy (7.5%) and stroke (7.5%) were the major neurological manifestations. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis done in 30 (55%) children showed pleocytosis [median (IQR) cells 15 (3.75, 50)] with lymphocyte predominance [median (IQR) lymphocytes 11.5 (3, 38.75)] and elevated proteins [median IQR 41.5 (29.75,61)]. Neuroimaging abnormalities noticed were cerebral edema (n=7), cerebellar hyperintensities (n=5), basal ganglia infarcts (n=2) and hippocampal hyperintensities (n=1). CONCLUSION: Early recognition of rickettsial infection as a cause of neurological manifestation would facilitate early specific management.

Retinoic acid and glycolic acid combination in the treatment of acne scars.

INTRODUCTION: Acne is a prevalent condition in society affecting nearly 80-90% of adolescents often resulting in secondary damage in the form of scarring. Retinoic acid (RA) is said to improve acne scars and reduce postinflammatory hyperpigmentation while glycolic acid (GA) is known for its keratolytic properties and its ability to reduce atrophic acne scars. There are studies exploring the combined effect of retinaldehyde and GA combination with positive results while the efficacy of retinoic acid and GA (RAGA) combination remains unexplored. AIM: The aim of this study remains to retrospectively assess the efficacy of RAGA combination on acne scars in patients previously treated for active acne. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective assessment of 35 patients using topical RAGA combination on acne scars was done. The subjects were 17-34 years old and previously treated for active acne. Case records and photographs of each patient were assessed and the acne scars were graded as per Goodman and Baron's global scarring grading system (GSGS), before the start and after 12 weeks of RAGA treatment. The differences in the scar grades were noted to assess the improvement. RESULTS: At the end of 12 weeks, significant improvement in acne scars was noticed in 91.4% of the patients. CONCLUSION: The RAGA combination shows efficacy in treating acne scars in the majority of patients, minimizing the need of procedural treatment for acne scars.