The effect of conscience perception on job satisfaction and care behaviours in nurses.

Conscience is a force capable of making judgments about one's own moral values during individual behaviour. Conscience in nursing is a concept that is perceived as authority and an inner voice, and it positively affects nursing care. Today, according to many research results, conscience is an indicator of professionalism that affects our personal and professional lives. This research was carried out to determine the effect of nurses' perceptions of conscience on job satisfaction and care behaviours. A cross-sectional study was performed in a training and research hospital. The sample size of 338 nurses was determined by power analysis, and the participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected between June and November 2020. A "Personal Information Form", the "Conscience Perception Scale (CPS)", the "Nurse Job Satisfaction Scale (NJSS)" and the "Caring Behaviours Scale-30 (CBS-30)" were used to collect the data. The nurses obtained a score of 63.36 ± 12.13 on the CPS, indicating a high level of conscience perception; a total of 3.41 ± 0.69 points on the NJSS, revealing a high level of job satisfaction; and a total of 150.42 ± 21.22 points on the CBS-30, implying that care perceptions were found to be high. It was determined that the nurses' perceptions of conscience had an effect on their job satisfaction and care behaviours (R = 0.398, Adjusted R2 = 0.158, p = 0.000). The nurses who participated in the study had a high perception of conscience, which positively affected their job satisfaction and care behaviours.

Frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care: An international comparison.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care across diverse cultures. BACKGROUND: Given an ethical imperative to respect patient spirituality and religiosity, nurses are increasingly taught and expected to provide spiritual care. Although nurses report positive attitudes toward spiritual care, they typically self-report providing it infrequently. Evidence about the reported frequency of spiritual care is constrained by substantial variation in its measurement. DESIGN: This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved secondary analysis of data collected in multiple sites globally using one quantitative instrument. METHODS: Data were collected from practicing nurses using the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis procedure with random-effect modelling. Datasets from 16 studies completed in Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, Turkey and the United States contributed to a pooled sample (n = 4062). STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional observational studies were observed. RESULTS: Spiritual care varied between countries and within countries. It was slightly more frequent within Islamic cultures compared with predominantly Christian cultures. Likewise, frequency of spiritual care differed between nurses in palliative care, predominantly hospital/inpatient settings, and skilled nursing homes. Overall, "Remaining present…" was the most frequent therapeutic, whereas documenting spiritual care and making arrangements for the patient's clergy or a chaplain to visit were among the most infrequent therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS: In widely varying degrees of frequency, nurses around the world provide care that is cognisant of the spiritual and religious responses to living with health challenges. Future research should be designed to adjust for the multiple factors that may contribute to nurses providing spiritual care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings offer a benchmark and begin to inform nurse leaders about what may be normative in practice. They also encourage nurses providing direct patient care that they are not alone and inform educators about what instruction future nurses require.

Association Between Nurses' Spirituality and Frequency of Spiritual Therapeutic Care in Turkey.

This study evaluated the association between nurse spirituality and frequency of spiritual care among 560 nurses working at Dicle University Hospital in Turkey. The Spirituality Scale and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale were administered. Results indicated that scores on the Spirituality Scale were positively correlated with frequency of provision of spiritual care (Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale). It was found that the spirituality levels of the nurses had a positive effect (R2 = 0.245, B = 0.391, p < 0.0001) on the frequency of providing spiritual curative care. It was determined that the frequency of providing spiritual care of nurses with high spirituality level increased. No significant associations were found between Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale means of point and gender, marital status, education level, unit work, or duration of professional experience.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted to determine the psychometric characteristics of the "Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer" in Turkish patients with cancer. METHODS: This study used psychometric methods to test the adapted tool. The participants of this study were patients with a diagnosis of cancer in the outpatients and inpatients medical oncology and hematology clinics of a university hospital in Turkey. 400 patients determined by power analysis were included in the study. The data were collected in 2018. We used the descriptive form and "Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer." The obtained data were evaluated using Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and factor analysis. RESULTS: In the present study, the factor loads of the items were sufficient and explained 39.18% of the total variance. Cronbach's α value of the scale was 0.85. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: As a result, it was found that the validity and reliability of the "Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer" were ensured and they could be used in Turkish patients.

Relationship Between Compassion Fatigue in Nurses, and Work-Related Stress and the Meaning of Life.

This research was conducted in order to examine the correlation between work-related stress and meaning of life in association with compassion fatigue of nurses, as well as to determine the factors that affect compassion fatigue. The research is cross-sectional. The population of the research is comprised of nurses working at a university hospital in the east of Turkey. The research was carried out with 336 nurses. "Introductory information form," "Work-related strain inventory," "Professional quality of life scale and compassion fatigue subscale" and "Life attitude profile" were used for data collection. It was identified that correlation between compassion fatigue and attitude to life profile is negative (r = -.542**, p = 0.000), while the correlation between work-related stress and compassion fatigue is positive (r = .204**, p = 0.000). Moreover, it was determined that attitude to life profile, work-related stress, work manner, amount of time working at one occupation, service held and gender have effect on compassion fatigue.

The effect of playing games with toys made with medical materials in children with cancer on pain during intravenous treatment.

OBJECTIVE: This research aims to examine the effect of playing games with toys made of medical materials in children with cancer on pain that occurs during intravenous (IV) treatment. METHODS: The randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between May 2016 and February 2018. The study sample comprised 110 children (experimental group 55; control group 55), determined using power analysis from the study population. The data were collected by the researcher, using face-to-face interview techniques, the Information Form, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS). RESULTS: The pre- and post-test pain mean scores of patients in the experimental group were 2.27 ± 0.91 and 0.43 ± 0.66, respectively (p = 0.0001). The pre- and post-test pain mean scores of patients in the control group were 1.72 ± 0.82 and 3.34 ± 0.77, respectively (p = 0.0001). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The experience of playing with toys made from materials used for invasive procedures relieves pain the during IV treatment.

Turkish Validity-Reliability of Breast Cancer Beliefs Scale and the Effect of Socio-Demographic Factors on Breast Cancer Beliefs.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Breast Cancer Cultural Beliefs Scale for women with breast cancer in Turkish society. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population of this study was composed of patients diagnosed with breast cancer who were treated for cancer in the Adult Chemotherapy Unit. A total of 178 women with breast cancer participated in this study. RESULTS: In order to determine the factor structure of the scale, principal component analysis was performed. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the scale scores. The results explained 62.93% of the total variance of the scale. The result of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was determined to be 0.813, and that of Bartlett's test was 723.56. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was .74. CONCLUSION: It was determined that the Breast Cancer Cultural Beliefs Scale was a valid and reliable tool for assessing the cultural beliefs of women in Turkey.

Nursing Students' Perception Levels of Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Turkey.

The present study was conducted to determine nursing students' perception levels of spirituality and spiritual care and the factors affecting these levels. The study was carried out in the nursing faculty of a university located in eastern Turkey between April and June 2019. The study population was made up of students studying within a department of nursing (n = 1250), and involved a sample size of 420 students, determined by power analysis. Data were obtained from an 'Introductory Information Form' that included students' sociodemographic characteristics and questions related to spiritual care and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). Students scored, on average, 59.8 ± 9.7 on the SSCRS. Gender, year of undergraduate education, father's education level, knowledge of spiritual care, beliefs on the relationship between spiritual care and nursing care, and the ability to meet patients' spiritual needs were variables with an impact on the total SSCRS scores (p < 0.05). The findings show that spiritual care perception levels of nursing students were high.

Nursing students' views on the COVID-19 pandemic and their percieved stress levels.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate nursing students' views on the COVID-19 pandemic and their perceived stress levels. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used to carry out this study. The research was conducted between April and May 2020 with 662 nursing students. Data were collected by an information form developed for the study and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). FINDINGS: The average score on the PSS was 31.69 ± 6.91, indicating that the students had a moderate level of stress. Significant differences in PSS score were found in terms of age and sex (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study indicated that age, sex, and some variables related to the pandemic process affect perceived stress levels of nursing students.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the "Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale" in Turkish nurses. METHOD: This study was a psychometric design. A convenience sample of 249 nurses working at the Malatya Training Research Hospital completed a structured questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS) between August and October 2018. Principal components analysis, internal consistency reliability, and Cronbach's α were used to measure the psychometric properties of the items of the scale. RESULTS: In the evaluation of construct validity, identified one factor with eigenvalues greater than 1 explained 50.83% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α value of the scale is 0.86. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The present study provides evidence of NSCTS's validity, reliability, and acceptability. The scale can be used by Turkish nurses. This scale should be further evaluated with a larger sample in different regions in Turkey and various populations. The scale has potential applications for use both in research and as a screening tool in clinical settings.

Demographic characteristics, nutritional behaviors, and orthorexic tendencies of women with breast cancer: a case-control study.

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is one of the most important health problems faced by women. No study was found in the world literature about the eating behavior of women with breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether breast cancer patients and healthy controls differ in their orthorexia nervosa levels and to determine any factors that affect orthorexia nervosa (socio-demographic variables and nutritional habits). METHOD: The data were collected using a face-to-face interview technique between May 2018 and March 2019 at outpatient clinics and a family health center in Turkey. The data of the study were collected using personal information form and the Orthorexia Nervosa Scale (ORTO-15). A linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the effects of socio-demographic variables and nutritional habits of women on the risk of orthorexia nervosa. RESULTS: Breast cancer patients had significantly lower ORTO-15 scores (i.e., a higher orthorexia risk) than the healthy controls. For the cancer patients, a regression analysis revealed that ORTO-15 scores were significantly associated with education level, organic food consumption status, receipt of social support for care, and presence of a chronic disease other than cancer. In the healthy controls, body mass index and education level were the primary predictors of ORTO-15 scores. CONCLUSION: The higher orthorexia risk of cancer patients has implications for these patients that could be improved through nutritional counseling. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, case-control study.

Relationship between depression and loneliness in elderly and examination of influential factors.

This study was planned and conducted for the purpose of examining the relationship between depression and loneliness in elderly people and the influencing factors. The study was a descriptive and correlational study and its population consisted of 17,080 older individuals aged sixty and over who were registered at six Family Healthcare Centers (FHCs) located in the provisional center of Malatya. The sample of the study comprised of 913 elderly people who were chosen from the elderly people registered at the FHCs first by cluster sampling and then by simple random sampling from the clusters in proportion to the population. The data was collected between April and June 2011 using a questionnaire developed by the investigators in line with the literature, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS). They had a mean score of 13.83 ± 7.4 from the GDS and 40.50 ± 12.1 from the ULS. A positive correlation was found between Geriatric Depression and loneliness (r=0.608, p<0.001). It was observed that there was a significant correlation between loneliness and depression in the elderly people living in a community, presence of social security and higher income, on the other hand, led to lower mean scores. In view of these results, it can be advised that a minimum income should be secured for elderly people whether they have social security or not, their families and the society should be trained not to leave elderly people alone.