Persistent meanders and eddies lead to quasi-steady Lagrangian transport patterns in a weak western boundary current.

The Brazil Current (BC) is a weak western boundary current flowing along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It is frequently described as a flow with intense mesoscale activity and relatively low volume transport between 5.0 and 10.0 Sv. We use a 13-year eddy-resolving primitive-equation simulation to show that the presence of persistent meanders and eddies leads to characteristic quasi-steady Lagrangian transport patterns, aptly extracted through climatological Lagrangian Coherent Structures (cLCS). The cLCS position the surface expression of the BC core along the 2000-m isobath, in excellent visual agreement with high resolution satellite sea-surface temperature and the model Eulerian mean velocity. The cLCS deformation pattern also responds to zonally persistent cross-shelf SSH transition from positive (high) values near coastline to low (negative) values between 200- and 2000-m and back to positive (high) offshore from the 2000-m isobath. Zonally-paired cyclonic and anticyclonic structures are embedded in this transition, also causing the cLCS to deform into chevrons. An efficient transport barrier is identified close to the 200-m isobath confirmed by limited inshore movement of drogued drifters and accurately indicated by an along slope maxima of climatological strength of attraction. We also show that the persistent cyclonic and anticyclonic structures may induce localized cross-shelf transport. Regions of low climatological strength of attraction coincide with large shelves and with stagnant synthetic trajectories. We also show that cLCS accurately depict trajectories initiated at the location of Chevron's spill (November 2011) as compared to synthetic and satellite-tracked trajectories, and the outline of the oil from that accident. There is also an agreement between the large-scale oil slicks reaching the Brazilian beaches (from August 2019 to February 2020) and the strength of climatological attraction at the coast. Our work also clarifies the influence of persistent mesoscale structures on the regional circulation. The identification and quantitative description of climatological Lagrangian coherent structures is expected to improve the effectiveness of future emergency response to oil spills, contingency planning, rescue operations, larval and fish connectivity assessment, drifter launch strategies, waste pollutant and marine debris dispersion and destination.

Pathologic changes after interstitial laser therapy of infiltrating breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial laser therapy (ILT) is a technique of destroying tumor cells via thermal energy. Prior studies have shown that the procedure is safe and efficacious in laboratory animals and that complete cell death, as assessed by tetrazolium staining, is achieved in the laser treated area. DESIGN: Forty women with localized, mammographically detectable, T1 breast cancers consented to be treated with ILT and then have the treated area subsequently excised. The delay period ranged from 5 to 42 days. Prior to ILT, the diagnosis of breast carcinoma was established by stereotactic needle core biopsy. RESULTS: All 40 cases showed a characteristic gross appearance, which consisted of a series of concentric rings surrounding a cavity corresponding to the laser needle tip. The tissue immediately adjacent to the cavity appeared coagulated and showed the same "wind-swept" nuclei seen with cautery artifact. Surrounding this was a white-tan ring that histologically showed recognizable tumor. No necrosis, increased apoptosis or inflammatory infiltrate was noted in this area on hematoxylin-eosin sections. Immunostains for cytokeratin were negative in the recognizable tumor cells despite intense staining in the epithelial cells outside the laser treated area. A ring of red tan tissue which histologically consisted of necrotic tumor was seen next and this, in turn, was surrounded by a rim of vascular proliferation and fat necrosis. The breast tissue outside the zone of fat necrosis appeared to be unaffected by the laser therapy. CONCLUSIONS: ILT appears to be an effective way to treat small localized breast cancer. It is important for the pathologist to recognize the changes seen after ILT, especially the zone containing pseudoviable tumor. Cytokeratin may be a marker to identify these likely non-viable but recognizable tumor cells. The extent of the laser affected area is defined by vascular proliferation and fat necrosis.

[Nursing residency: a 20-year experience]. / Residência de enfermagem: uma trajetória de 20 anos.

This descriptive study about Nursing Residence is an attempt to understand the period between 1978 and 1998. Describes the evolution occurred on Residence about programs organization, theoretical and research activities, preceptory, avaliation and future perspectives. The study has a Qualitative Approach. The data was collected with Documental Analysis. The actuals beliefs and tendencies are indicating that the residence programs must be constructed by Nursing Residents and Preceptors. The Nursing Residence is a valuable strategic of especialization of nurses at service.

Immunolocalization of tenascin and cellular fibronectins in diverse glomerulopathies.

Frozen samples of minimal change glomerulopathy (MCG), and of membranous, segmental and diffuse lupus glomerulonephritis (MGN, SGN, DLGN) were studied to assess the distribution of tenascin (Ten), and the extradomains A and B (EDA- and EDB-) and oncofetal (Onc-) isoforms of cellular fibronectin (cFn). Cryosections were immunostained by the ABC method with specific monoclonal antibodies. In MCG, mesangial Ten and EDA-cFn reactions were increased. In MGN, mesangial Ten and EDA-cFn staining was enhanced except in segmental scars; convincing reactions were seen in cases with membranous transformation; spikes stained strongly. In SGN, variably intense staining for Ten and all cFn isoforms was seen in glomerular necrosis, proliferation and crescents; parietal epithelium EDA-cFn staining was noted. In DLGN, strong and extensive mesangial Ten and EDA-cFn staining was seen as were focal EDB- and Onc-cFn reactions. Parietal cells with and without crescents stained variably with all Mabs. Obsolete glomeruli were unreactive save for rare periglomerular Ten rims. Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in MGN, SGN and DLGN had moderate to strong Ten and EDA-cFn staining with rare traces of EDB- and Onc-cFn. We conclude that enhanced Ten and EDA-cFn is a potentially reversible response to glomerular injury whereas the expression of EDB- and Onc-cFn apparently result from necrosis and/or cellular proliferation which lead to scarring. And, while mesangial cells are the major source of these molecules, epithelial cells might also partake in their synthesis.