ABSTRACT
Aim of this research was to study the effect of intrahippocampal injection of different doses of AlCl3 in adult male rats on active avoidance learning. Thirty five adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were used into five groups: (1) Control, (2) Test-I received daily 1 microL AlCl3 1%, pH = 7.2, 3); Test-II received daily 1 microL AlCl3 0.5%, pH = 3.4, 4); Sham-I received daily 1 microL aCSF, pH = 7.2, 5); Sham-II received daily 1 microL aCSF, pH = 3.4. All rats in test and sham groups treated 10 min before training. Animals were anaesthetized with ketamine HCl/xylazine (90/10 mg kg(-1) b.wt.(-1), i.p.) and underwent a stereotaxic surgery for implant of two stainless steel guide cannula into the hippocampus bilaterally. Every day 10 min after above treatments all rats were used to assess the spatial learning performing using Y-maze. Criterion Correct Response (CCR) was 90% in last session of training. There were no significant differences between training sessions to receiving CCR in control, Sham-I and Sham-II groups. Cognition in animals received AlCl3 1%, pH = 7.2 was impaired significantly with compare to other groups (*p<0.0001). Present results show that intrahippocampal injection of AlCl3 1%, causes active avoidance learning impairment significantly. The exact mechanism of Al3 effect on brain and cognition is remains unknown.
Subject(s)
Aluminum/pharmacology , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Hippocampus , Animals , Hippocampus/drug effects , Hippocampus/physiology , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Ramsar, a northern coastal city of Iran, overlooking the Caspian Sea, has some high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) as well as over 50 hot springs with low and high radium contents used as spas by the public and vacationers. The average whole body dose received by population in these areas is about 5 times higher than the normal background radiation level. Studies on the long-term effects of high level natural radioactivity on some immunological and cytogenetical parameters, in the Ramsar inhabitants are summarized in this paper. Our results showed a significant increase of CD69 expression on TCD4+ stimulated cells (P < 0.004) and a significant increase of total serum IgE (P < 0.05), and also higher incidence of stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations in the HLNRA group compared to the control group with normal background radiation (P < 0.05).Other humoral immune parameters, did not show significant differences between the two groups.
Subject(s)
Antibody Formation/radiation effects , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Environmental Exposure , Radium/adverse effects , Adult , Antigens, CD/analysis , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Incidence , Iran , Lectins, C-Type , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report 18 months of cytogenetic follow-up for an Iranian worker accidentally overexposed to 192Ir, the mathematical extrapolation and comparison with clinical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Unstable chromosome aberrations were measured using conventional cytogenetic tests by French and Iranian biological dosimetry laboratories on five occasions after the exposure. The decrease in dicentrics over time was analysed mathematically. In addition, Dolphin and Qdr extrapolations were applied to the data to check the exposure estimates. FISH determination of translocation yields was performed twice by the French laboratory and the results compared with the Dolphin and Qdr corrected values. RESULTS: Dose estimates based on dicentrics decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.4 Gy at 5 days after the accident to 0.8 +/- 0.2 Gy at 529 days. This could be fitted by double-exponential regression with an inflexion point between rapid and slow decrease of dicentrics after about 40 days. Dose estimates of 3.4 +/- 0.4 Gy for the Qdr model and 3.6 +/- 0.5 Gy for the Dolphin model were calculated during the post-exposure period and were remarkably stable. FISH translocation data at 26 and 61 days appeared consistent with the Dolphin and Qdr estimates. CONCLUSION: Dose correction by the Qdr and Dolphin models and translocation scoring appeared consistent with the clinical data and provided better information about the radiation injury than did crude estimates from dicentric scoring alone. Estimation by the Dolphin model of the irradiated fraction of the body seemed unreliable: it correlated better with the fraction of originally irradiated lymphocytes.
