ABSTRACT
Dans un travail retrospectif du 10 janvier 1978 au 31 decembre 1988 (11 ans); visant a preciser les principaux caracteres du diabete chez l'enfant et l'adolescent; ages de 0 a 20 ans; au Centre Antidiabetique d'Abidjan; les auteurs ont recense 83 cas par le critere d'une glycemie a jeun superieure ou egale a 1;20 g/l (6;60 umol/l). La prevalence estimee par rapport a l'ensemble de la population diabetique est de 1;52 pour cent: 36 sujets de 0 a 15 ans (0;64 pour cent); 47 sujets de 16 a 20 ans (0;88 pour cent). Les malades se repartissent en 45 filles et 38 garcons; 64;63 pour cent des malades sont issus de milieu socio-economique bas. L'heredite en l'absence d'etude HLA semble presente dans 30 pour cent des cas. Les circonstances de decouvertes sont dominees par le syndrome polyuro-polydipsique (83;13 pour cent). Le precoma ou le coma diabetique est inaugural dans 10;84 pour cent des cas. Lors de la prise en charge; la glycemie est comprise entre 2 et 4 g/l (11;1 et 22;2 umol/l) chez 47 sujets (56;62 pour cent); l'acetonurie est relativement rare (8;43 pour cent). Au plan therapeutique et evolutif; l'insulinotherapie est la methode therapeutique dans la majorite des cas. Les resultats sont decevants dans 95 pour cent des cas en raison de la defaillance de l'auto-surveillance. Le pour centage eleve de malades perdus de vue (64;24 pour cent) montre les difficultes de surveillance et de traitement des jeunes diabetiques a Abidjan
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , InfantABSTRACT
L'etude de 103 cas de malnutrition proteino-energetique (MPE) hospitalises repondant aux criteres cliniques et biologiques montre dans 89;2 pour cent (92 cas) une infection dans les 4 semaines precedant la prise en charge. Les infections les plus frequentes sont celles des voies respiratoires (61;5 pour cent) suivies des infections cutaneo-muqueuses. L'etude bacteriologique des diarrhees presentes dans tous les cas ne montre les germes que dans 17 cas. Dans tous les cas; la malnutrition apparait comme un facteur aggravant de la MPC
Subject(s)
Infant , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/complications , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnosis , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections , Skin DiseasesABSTRACT
L'etude chromatographique des acides amines urinaires chez l'enfant malnutri a abouti aux constatations suivantes : le tryptophane pourrait etre considere comme un indicateur biologique de la malnutrition proteino-calorifique (M.P.C.); la triade tryptophane-isoleucine-arginine semble caracteriser les MPC et egalement les cas de deces dus a cette affection
Subject(s)
Amino Acids , Chromatography/methods , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/epidemiology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/mortality , Tryptophan , UrineABSTRACT
Discovery of an enlarged spleen in a child requires steps to identify the etiology. One hundred and seventy-eight patients seen over a four-year period (1985-1988) at the Cocody Teaching Hospital were reviewed. The incidence of splenic enlargement among pediatric inpatients was 1.6%. Males (n = 106) were more often affected than females (n = 72). Slightly over half the children (54.49%) were 0 to 5 years of age. The main clinical presenting features were fever (90%), anemia (72%), a decline in general health (36.50%), enlargement of the liver (33.50%), jaundice (26.50%), and enlarged lymph nodes (7%). Type II of Hackett's classification accounted for most cases (61.80%), followed by Type III (14%). Main etiologies included malaria (53%), salmonella infections (15%), sickle cell anemia (14%), schistosomiasis (9%), AIDS (3%), and thalassemia (2%). Malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma) were relatively infrequent. More than one etiology was found in 13 cases. The distribution of etiologies by age group was determined and a strategy for investigating children with splenic enlargement in tropical countries was developed.
Subject(s)
Splenomegaly/etiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology , Decision Trees , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Splenomegaly/classification , Splenomegaly/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In a study involving 104 children hospitalized with diarrhoea, 9% were infected with oocyst Cryptosporidium spp. add 56% with such yeast-fungus as Candida (C. Candida 38%). The manifestations noted in cryptosporidiosis infected children are acute diarrhea, vomiting and hyperthermia. One subject out of five who were tested for antibody to HIV appeared to be antibody positive. The patients immunity from the disease was not checked. A mycological test must be systematically carried out in case of children diarrheal outbreak.
Subject(s)
Candida/isolation & purification , Coccidia/isolation & purification , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Diarrhea, Infantile , Animals , Child, Preschool , Cote d'Ivoire , Diarrhea, Infantile/microbiology , Diarrhea, Infantile/parasitology , Female , HIV Antibodies/analysis , HIV-1/immunology , HIV-2/immunology , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
A retrospective study of 107 neonates with meningitis showed that in 45% of cases the condition occurred during the first 48 hours after birth, probably following a materno-foetal infection. Male neonates accounted for 70% of the cases. In 15% of cases, the mothers previously had a known infectious disease and 55% of cases came from an unfavourable socio-economic environment. Over 50% of the infants had to be resuscitated at birth. The majority of organisms isolated were Gram-negative bacteria or Enterobacteriaceae; the commonest organism was Haemophilus influenzae. The most effective specific treatment (91% favourable results) was intravenous amoxycillin plus intramuscular gentamicin. It is recommended that the newborn infant of parents living in unfavourable socio-economic circumstances should receive careful follow-up during the first week after birth so that the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis can be made at the start of infection. The neonate should receive effective prophylactic antibiotic cover if resuscitated, if the mother has suffered from an infectious disease during pregnancy or if premature rupture of the membranes has occurred.
