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1.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 66(1): 28-31, 2023.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36719309

ABSTRACT

The study objective was to detect and measure the ratio of metabolites of benzodiazepine receptor agonists in urine during forensic chemical and chemical and toxicological studies, as well as to characterize the main metabolites to use them to confirm the oral intake of the test substances. Data on the presence of metabolites in the urine will allow us to reliably confirm the intake of zaleplon, zopiclone, clobazam, and phenazepam and determine the routes of administration (intake) into the body of the victim. Benzodiazepine derivatives (clobazam and phenazepam) and non-benzodiazepines (zaleplon and zopiclone) have different chemical structures and similar mechanisms of action resulting in a similar clinical presentation of side effects and the need for forensic chemical study according to poisoning symptoms. Metabolites of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and their ratio in urine after oral administration were measured: zaleplon (parent compound), deethylzaleplon, 5-oxozaleplon, 5-oxodeethylzaleplon, oxozaleplon glucuronide; zopiclone (parent compound), zopiclone-N-oxide, N-desmethylzopiclone; clobazam (parent compound), N-desmethylclobazam, 4-hydroxyclobazam, hydroxydesmethylclobazam; phenazepam (parent compound) and 3-hydroxyphenazepam. It is advisable to determine zaleplon in urine by the presence of 5-oxaleplon (97% of the total amount of metabolites), zopiclone by zopiclone-N-oxide (86% in urine), clobazam by the parent compound (61% in urine), phenazepam by the parent compound (90-100% in urine).


Subject(s)
Hypnotics and Sedatives , Receptors, GABA-A , Clobazam , Oxides
2.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 65(4): 51-56, 2022.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35947411

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study is to evaluate the potential for the use of cards for sampling and transportation of biological material during forensic chemical and toxicological examinations by the example of a biological sample, urine containing zopiclone. Two methods of sample preparation were compared. The use of cards for the collection and transportation of biological material, such as urine, followed by high-resolution high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for the identification of zopiclone metabolites was shown to be beneficial in forensic chemical and toxicological examination. The validation evaluation of the proposed sample preparation and identification method met the acceptance criteria.


Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine , Specimen Handling , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Forensic Medicine/methods
3.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 63(2): 41-46, 2020.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32297498

ABSTRACT

In this article, we consider features of the referral of biological material and assessment of medical and legal chemical researches at emergencies of technogenic character, plane crashes, the fires with the numerous human victims. Practical recommendations on obtaining of biological material for a research on volatile organic compounds, including ethyl alcohol and its metabolites, volatile products of burning, including monoxide of carbon and cyanides are made. Features and the recommended order of conducting judicial and chemical examination at emergencies are designated.


Subject(s)
Emergencies , Specimen Handling , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Cyanides/analysis , Ethanol/analysis , Fires , Humans , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis
4.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 61(4): 13-15, 2018.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30168521

ABSTRACT

The Forensic Biochemical Department commemorates its 53d anniversary in 2018, the jubilee year for the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department. The author describes the history of the establishment and development of forensic biochemistry in this country, its significance for and contribution to the practical work of forensic medical experts.


Subject(s)
Biochemistry , Forensic Medicine , Anniversaries and Special Events , Biochemistry/history , Biochemistry/methods , Education , Forensic Medicine/history , Forensic Medicine/methods , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Moscow , Research
5.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 57(4): 21-3, 2014.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25764859

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the morphological manifestations of mechanical strangulation asphyxia in the hanged subjects aged 50 years and the elder ones. In addition, the new diagnostic approaches to the expert confirmation of this condition are proposed.


Subject(s)
Asphyxia , Autopsy/methods , Age Factors , Aged , Asphyxia/diagnosis , Asphyxia/etiology , Asphyxia/pathology , Comorbidity , Forensic Pathology/methods , Humans , Middle Aged
6.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 56(2): 30-2, 2013.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23802303

ABSTRACT

Biochemical diagnostics of fatal opium intoxication remains a topical problem in forensic medical science and practice. We investigated materials obtained in the course of forensic medical expertise of the cases of fatal opium intoxication. The study revealed significant differences between myoglobin levels in blood, urine, myocardium, and skeletal muscles. The proposed approach to biochemical diagnostics of fatal opium intoxication enhances the accuracy and the level of evidence of expert conclusions.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers/analysis , Forensic Toxicology/methods , Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry , Myocardium/chemistry , Myoglobin/analysis , Opioid-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Opium/poisoning , Adult , Blood Chemical Analysis , Humans , Narcotics/pharmacokinetics , Narcotics/poisoning , Opioid-Related Disorders/metabolism , Opium/pharmacokinetics , Urinalysis
7.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 56(5): 43-5, 2013.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24432428

ABSTRACT

The main principles of quality control in the laboratory practice of forensic biochemical departments are discussed. Recommendations on international standardization are suggested. Characteristics of the main phases of intralaboratory quality control of investigations and the reagents used in them are described. The necessity of quality control at all stages of forensic-biochemical studies and expertise is emphasized.


Subject(s)
Biochemistry , Forensic Medicine , Laboratories/standards , Laboratory Proficiency Testing , Total Quality Management/organization & administration , Biochemistry/methods , Biochemistry/standards , Forensic Medicine/methods , Forensic Medicine/standards , Humans , Laboratory Proficiency Testing/methods , Laboratory Proficiency Testing/organization & administration , Reference Standards , Russia
8.
Vestn Otorinolaringol ; (5): 27-30, 2012.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23250521

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to analyse anatomical features of the middle ear in the premature infants of different gestational age. Materials from 100 still-born and live-born babies (200 temporal bones) were available for the investigation. The study has revealed a number of distinctive clinical and morphological peculiarities in the structure of tympanic membranes in both the prematurely born infants depending on the gestational age and in the full-term babies. The fluid from the tympanic cavity was found to contain human beta-chorionic gonadotropin.


Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/metabolism , Ear, Middle , Gestational Age , Temporal Bone , Anatomy, Regional/methods , Ear, Middle/growth & development , Ear, Middle/metabolism , Ear, Middle/pathology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Labyrinthine Fluids/metabolism , Male , Temporal Bone/growth & development , Temporal Bone/pathology , Tympanic Membrane/growth & development , Tympanic Membrane/pathology
10.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 53(4): 21-4, 2010.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20821987

ABSTRACT

Chemiluminescent techniques are employed in forensic medicine for the elucidation of such important problems as prescription of death coming, prescription and life-timeliness of a mechanical injury. Oxidation of free radicals is known to play an important role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The present study demonstrates the necessity of investigation of chemiluminescent properties of the blood and tissue homogenates during the postmortem period for differential diagnosis of the causes of sudden death.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology , Forensic Pathology/methods , Free Radicals/metabolism , Luminescent Measurements , Adult , Brain/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Biological , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology
11.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 51(5): 12-5, 2008.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19048870

ABSTRACT

Differential diagnosis of the factors leading to deaths from cardiovascular diseases remains a mainstream activity in forensic medicine. Biochemical, macro and microscopic studies revealed the most informative and statistically significant diagnostic signs for the detection of these clinical conditions and differential diagnosis of coronary heart disease from alcoholic cardiomyopathy. A set of criteria is proposed for reliable scientifically sound differential diagnosis between the causes of death from these pathologies.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Forensic Pathology/methods , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/epidemiology , Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/pathology , Cause of Death , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology , Myocardial Ischemia/pathology , Postmortem Changes
12.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 51(4): 19-22, 2008.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18756760

ABSTRACT

Sudden death along with differential diagnosis of deaths from coronary heart disease and alcoholic cardiomyopathy is a challenging problem in practical forensic medicine. Relevant investigations demonstrated the possibility to address it using a battery of biochemical methods, such as measurement of blood glucose level in heart cavities, lactate dehydrogenase activity in myocardium, etc.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Postmortem Changes , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/enzymology , Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Ethanol/blood , Ethanol/urine , Heart Ventricles/enzymology , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Humans , Myocardial Ischemia/complications , Myocardial Ischemia/enzymology , Myocardial Ischemia/pathology
13.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 48(1): 24-8, 2005.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15747846

ABSTRACT

Abuse of drugs has been a topical issue up to the present-day. Opiates like morphine and heroin are still prevalent. The routine methods of determination of drugs in blood made within the forensic medical expertise are time-consuming and samples must be specially prepared for them. ELISA, when used for the determination of opiates in blood and urine, significantly cuts the test time. According to our research results, the diagnosis of opiates by ELISA is advisable at the preliminary stage of the forensic expertise of cadaver; the method is informative, which is of extra importance in cases of purulent transformation of cadaveric material.


Subject(s)
Cadaver , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Forensic Pathology/methods , Heroin/analysis , Morphine/analysis , Humans , Postmortem Changes
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