ABSTRACT
This study presents a thematic analysis of focus group talk to examine what recovery in mental health means to service users and nurses. Data were collected from two focus groups, one group of service users and one group of nurses. The service user group (n=6) were adults with previous or recent experience of inpatient mental health services. The nursing group were registered nurses (n=5) of various grades and experience currently working in inpatient mental health services in one region of the U.K. Thematic analysis using Krueger and Casey's framework led to four themes being developed. These were 'understandings of recovery', 'semantics', 'therapeutics' and 'a journey'. While the recovery concept was not new to either group, understandings of recovery were vague and contradictory.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Services Accessibility , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health Services , Patient Satisfaction , Psychiatric Nursing , Adult , Female , Focus Groups , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Recovery of Function , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Premalignant conditions affect the larynx. Dysplasia can progress in severity resulting in cancer depending on many clinical, pathological and molecular factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of the p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and p53 tumour suppressor gene in dysplasia of the larynx. A total of 114 cases of untreated dysplasia were selected from the archives of the University of Newcastle. p21, p27 and p53 immunohistochemistry was performed and the cases followed up. Twenty-eight dysplasias (24%) subsequently developed into cancers. Expression of the molecular factors studied was not associated with cancer progression. p53 expression was associated with smoking (P = 0.005). In contrast, grade of dysplasia was significantly associated with cancer risk (odds ratio 6.7; P = 0.0001). The majority (75%) of cancers were detected within 12 months of dysplasia being diagnosed.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Precancerous Conditions/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 , Disease Progression , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Incidence , Laryngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Smoking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to examine the expression of MUC1 and MUC2 glycoproteins in laryngeal cancer and to determine if mucin expression is related to prognosis. The study included laryngeal specimens from 57 patients comprising of 36 laryngeal carcinomas and 21 normal controls. High MUC1 expression was found in both carcinomas and normal control groups (P = 0.689, Fisher's exact test). High levels of MUC2 expression were only detected in carcinomas versus controls (P = 0.009, Fisher's exact test). Using multivariate analysis neither MUC1 nor MUC2 expression significantly related to survival. MUC1 expression however, did correlate with T stage. Advanced T stage was associated with prognosis (P = 0.001).
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Laryngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Mucin-1/genetics , Mucin-1/metabolism , Mucins/genetics , Mucins/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Laryngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Mucin-2 , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism , Respiratory Mucosa/pathology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are increasingly being used in the UK to allow patients requiring medium-to-long term venous access for a range of therapies, including ambulatory chemotherapy, to receive their treatment at home, away from the hospital setting. This article provides information for community nurses on the background of PICC lines in the UK, and practical advice on how to clinically maintain and manage these lines. Complications relating to PICCs are discussed, including how to recognize and deal with these complications in the community, and when to refer back to the specialist centre. The author leads at a nurse-managed PICC insertion service at a major cancer centre in Wales. The ongoing success of this service relies heavily on the skill and expertise of the community nurses who support the service.
Subject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Catheterization, Central Venous/nursing , Home Care Services , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/instrumentation , Catheters, Indwelling , Community Health Nursing , Equipment Failure , Humans , Infections/etiology , Infections/nursing , Phlebitis/etiology , Phlebitis/nursingABSTRACT
This article describes an educational programme set up to help patients and their families come to terms with a diagnosis of cancer. The programme, based on a US project, was piloted with a group of 16 patients and their carers. An evaluation using questionnaires has shown that patients can find a structured cancer education programme beneficial.
