ABSTRACT
The improved mitigation of self-phase modulation (SPM) induced nonlinear impairments by the use of a multi-span dispersion map optimization in 28 GBaud phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) links is numerically investigated. We show that a four-span dispersion map optimized PSA link provides 2.1 times reach improvement over a single-span optimized PSA link with a total nonlinear phase shift tolerance increase from 2.1 radians to 8.8 radians. Furthermore, the optimized PSA link increases the maximum transmission reach by 6.9 times compared to a single-span optimized in-line dispersion managed phase-insensitive amplifier (PIA) link and 4.3 times reach extension is achieved compared to a dispersion unmanaged PIA link.
ABSTRACT
The original version of this Article incorrectly listed an affiliation of Samuel L.I. Olsson as 'Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia', instead of the correct 'Present address: Nokia Bell Labs, 791 Holmdel Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA'. Similarly, Egon Astra had an incorrect affiliation of 'Present address: Nokia Bell Labs, 791 Holmdel Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA', instead of the correct 'Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia'. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
ABSTRACT
We demonstrate long-haul transmission using a hybrid amplifier approach combining distributed Raman amplification and lumped phase-sensitive amplification. Aside from the well-known resulting SNR improvement, distributed Raman amplification is included in an effort to improve the nonlinearity mitigation capability of the phase-sensitive amplifiers. When changing from phase-insensitive operation to phase-sensitive operation in a link employing distributed Raman amplification, the transmission reach at BER = 10-3 is increased from 15 to 44 spans of length 81 km while simultaneously increasing the optimal launch power by 2 dB.
ABSTRACT
The capacity and reach of long-haul fiber optical communication systems is limited by in-line amplifier noise and fiber nonlinearities. Phase-sensitive amplifiers add 6 dB less noise than conventional phase-insensitive amplifiers, such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, and they can provide nonlinearity mitigation after each span. Realizing a long-haul transmission link with in-line phase-sensitive amplifiers providing simultaneous low-noise amplification and nonlinearity mitigation is challenging and to date no such transmission link has been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate a multi-channel-compatible and modulation-format-independent long-haul transmission link with in-line phase-sensitive amplifiers. Compared to a link amplified by conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, we demonstrate a reach improvement of 5.6 times at optimal launch powers with the phase-sensitively amplified link operating at a total accumulated nonlinear phase shift of 6.2 rad. The phase-sensitively amplified link transmits two data-carrying waves, thus occupying twice the bandwidth and propagating twice the total power compared to the phase-insensitively amplified link.
ABSTRACT
We present an investigation of dispersion map optimization for two-span single-channel 28 GBaud QPSK transmission systems with phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs). In experiments, when the PSA link is operated in a highly nonlinear regime, a 1.4 dB error vector magnitude (EVM) improvement is achieved compared to a one-span optimized dispersion map link due to improved nonlinearity mitigation. The two-span optimized dispersion map of a PSA link differs from the optimized dispersion map of a dispersion managed phase-insensitive amplifier (PIA) link. Simulations show that the performance of the two-span dispersion map optimized PSA link does not improve by residual dispersion optimization. Further, by using the two-span optimized dispersion maps repeatedly in a long-haul PSA link instead of one-span optimized maps, the maximum transmission reach can be improved 1.5 times.
