ABSTRACT
Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) is the frequency at which flickering light can be perceived as continuous and it is used to assess the processing of temporal vision. It is of interest to compare critical fusion frequency (CFF) in mild, moderate & severe internet users. Cross sectional observation study was done among 350 professional students. Internet addictions for around 372 professional students & internet addiction was evaluated by Young's scale of Internet Addiction questionnaire in the age group 18-25 years. CFF was measured using an in-house built LED-based CFF M1 Model instrument. A total of 372 participants (in age group 19-22 years) were recruited. Of the participants 65 % of them were mild internet addictors, 48% were moderate and 7% were severe internet adductors. Among the internet usage, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in internet addiction score, duration of internet usage (hours) and average Critical fusion frequency (Hz) (P<0.001). For the average critical fusion frequency (Hz), the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner test showed significant pairwise comparisons between the following: (1) mild internet addictor's vs moderate internet addictors and (2) Mild internet addictors versus severe internet addictors (p<0.001). Critical flicker fusion frequency(CFF) as it is an easy, quick, and non-invasive technique used as a general indicator of cortical processing, visual persistence for cognitive flexibility.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is associated with visceral subcutaneous fat content. Neck circumference (NC) is a marker of upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution. AIM: The aim of this study is to compare NC in diabetics and non-diabetics and to correlate NC with other anthropometric measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 350 type 2 diabetics and 350 non-diabetics of >30 years of age. Anthropometric parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and NC were measured. Independent t-test and Pearson's correlation were the tests of significance done to analyze quantitative data. RESULTS: There was positive correlation of NC, BMI, and index of central obesity. The NC in diabetics was significantly higher than in non-diabetics (P < 0.001). NC >36 cm in diabetics and >37 cm in non-diabetics was the best cutoff value to determine subjects with central obesity. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that NC may be used both in clinical practice and in epidemiologic studies as a straightforward and reliable index. It is an economical easy to use test with less consumption of time and correlates well with other standard anthropometric parameters.
