Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma, also named Sternberg tumor, is a rare variant of uterine leiomyoma. The tumor is benign, but the appearance and growth pattern are unusual and alarming. In this article, we report a case of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma in a 55-year-old woman as well as review relevant literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma in a 55-year-old Iranian woman who presented with vaginal bleeding 4 months after menopause. Ultrasound showed two heterogeneous hypoechoic masses on the uterine fundus. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed for the patient. Macroscopically, a large heterogeneous intramural mass (140 mm × 120 mm × 120 mm) with a grape-like exophytic mass on the fundus was observed. Her health status was good after surgery, and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 2 days. In a 1-year follow-up period, no recurrence or any other related complications were found. CONCLUSION: It is important to recognize this rare variant of leiomyoma to prevent aggressive and inappropriate overdiagnosis and overtreatment. It is suggested to try to use frozen sections for better diagnosis and to preserve fertility in young women suffering from this lesion.

Microfluidic Compartmentalization Platforms for Single Cell Analysis.

Many cellular analytical technologies measure only the average response from a cell population with an assumption that a clonal population is homogenous. The ensemble measurement often masks the difference among individual cells that can lead to misinterpretation. The advent of microfluidic technology has revolutionized single-cell analysis through precise manipulation of liquid and compartmentalizing single cells in small volumes (pico- to nano-liter). Due to its advantages from miniaturization, microfluidic systems offer an array of capabilities to study genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics of a large number of individual cells. In this regard, microfluidic systems have emerged as a powerful technology to uncover cellular heterogeneity and expand the depth and breadth of single-cell analysis. This review will focus on recent developments of three microfluidic compartmentalization platforms (microvalve, microwell, and microdroplets) that target single-cell analysis spanning from proteomics to genomics. We also compare and contrast these three microfluidic platforms and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages in single-cell analysis.