ABSTRACT
In this study, morphological characteristics of the canary tongue were examined macroscopically and histologically besides using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands of the canary were also examined. The results suggest that the tongue of the canary has an equilateral quadrangle shape is sloped towards the apex on its dorsal surface; where its sides are bounded by tall epithelial extensions. Additionally, histological examination showed that salivary glands were only present on the body of the tongue and there were no taste buds. However, the tongue has mechanical sen-sory cell groups in its subepithelial connective tissue. Histochemical examination, demonstrated that the salivary gland epithelial cells contained carbohydrates which were composed of acidic sialo-mucins.
Subject(s)
Canaries/anatomy & histology , Salivary Glands/ultrastructure , Tongue/ultrastructure , Animals , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to describe the surface structure of the lingual papillae in Anatolian Water Buffaloes using SEM. Six male Anatolian Water Buffaloes were used. Filiform, lentiform and conical papillae were determined three types as mechanical papillae. Fungiform and vallate papillae were observed two types as gustatory papillae on the tongue in Anatolian Water Buffalo. The filiform papillae were observed on the apex and body of the tongue, besides randomly identified lateral surface of the body. The conical papillae differed from the filiform papillae with its larger size and non existence of the secondary papillae. The fungiform papillae was round in shape and mushroom-like, scattering among the filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the apex, body and the root of the tongue. The fungiform papillae's taste pores and creter-like structure were determined. The lentiform papillae were determined in two types. The borders of the cells and the micro-pitted appearance were defined at the lentiform papillae. In the vallate papillae bud fosse and a thick annular pad was found. These differences on the morphological structures of the lingual papillae were considered to be related to genetic diversity.
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la estructura de la superficie de las papilas linguales en Búfalos de agua de Anatolia mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se utilizaron seis Búfalos machos para el estudio. Se determinaron tres tipos de papilas mecánicas: filiformes, lenticular y cónicas. También se encontraron papilas gustativas de dos tipos: fungiformes y caliciformes. Las papilas filiformes se localizaron en el vértice y cuerpo de la lengua, además de encontrarse con una distribución al azar en la superficie lateral del cuerpo lingual. Las papilas cónicas se diferenciaron de las filiformes por su mayor tamaño y la ausencia de papilas secundarias. Las papilas fungiformes presentaban una forma redonda, similar a un hongo, con una distribución entre las papilas filiformes en la superficie dorsal del vértice, cuerpo y la raíz de la lengua. Además se observaron poros gustatorios en las papilas fungiformes con estructura similar de cráter. Las papilas lenticulares se determinaron en dos tipos. Se definieron los márgenes celulares y aspecto de micro corrosión en las papilas lenticulares. En las papilas circunvaladas se observaron brotes excavados y una almohadilla anular gruesa. Se consideró que estas diferencias en las estructuras morfológicas de las papilas linguales están relacionadas con la diversidad genética.
Subject(s)
Animals , Buffaloes/anatomy & histology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Taste Buds/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Skeletal chondrofication, ossification and growth of turkey embryos were investigated and analysed to enable assessment of the developmental status and evaluation of the experimental effects on skeletal development, skeletal mutations and development of cultured embryos. Ten embryos were prepared every 24 h from 8 to 28 days of incubation. The fixed embryos were cleared and stained in toto with Alcian blue & Alizarin red for cartilage and ossified components, respectively. Observation of the skeleton was performed under a stereoscopic microscopy, with special attention to the timing of chondrofication and ossification of the bones. The first occurrence of the primary ossification centres was observed in the femur, tibiotarsus, and the dentary and supra-angular of the mandible on the 12th day, followed immediately by the other long bones. Skeletal features of the skull were determined to show the latest appearance of cartilage and ossification. Hence, all elements of the hyolingual apparatus remained cartilaginous until hatching took place except for the ceratobranchial. Even though the vertebral column chondrified earlier as compared with the ribs and sternum, they ossified later. While chondrofication was present in all the regions of the vertebral column at the same time, ossification progressed from the cervical through caudal regions. The growth rate of the femur was eminently higher than that of the humerus with increase in time, particularly after the 20th day of incubation. This seems to be obviously natural because the eggs used in the study are from the broiler turkey, which gains giant muscle mass at a very short period; precocity is probably at the expense of the bones of the leg rather than those of the wing.
